Anthropogenic emissions
On this page we list information about the various anthropogenic emissions inventories available for use w/ GEOS-Chem v8-02-03 and higher versions.
Contents
Global inventories
| Inventory | Base Year | Region | NOx | CO | PRPE | C3H8 | ALK4 | C2H6 | ACET | MEK | ALD2 | CH2O | BENZ | TOLU | XYLE | C2H4 | C2H2 | SO2 | SO4 | NH3 | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EDGAR | 2000 | global | x | x | x | season (NOx, SOx) | |||||||||||||||
| RETRO | 2000 | global | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | month | ||||||
| GEIA | 1985 | global | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | season (NOx, SOx) |
EDGAR
Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory.
The EDGAR emissions of NOx, CO, and SOx are the standard emissions. However, the EDGAR emissions are typically overwritten by data from the regional emissions inventories listed below.
The EDGAR inventory also includes emissions from ship exhaust.
References:
- Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, Global emissions sources and sinks. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) The Climate System, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
- A related document can be found here: EDGAR description (pdf)
- Aaron van Donkelaar has created a PDF document that shows some of the effects of using the EDGAR emissions.
--Bob Y. 13:37, 17 March 2010 (EDT)
Use EDGAR v.4.1 in GEOS-Chem
EDGAR v4.1 emissions of CO, NOx and SO2 from 1970-2005 were prepared for GEOS-Chem model. It is available on a yearly basis with 1x1 degree spatial resolution. This inventory is not included in standard model yet but can be accessed here. It has been tested in GEOS-Chem v09-01-01 with 1-year full-chemistry benchmark for 2005.
To use EDGAR v.4.1 inventory, please download and the patch codes and data from the following URL: http://166.111.42.46/EDGARV4.1_201111.zip http://166.111.42.46/Patch_EDGAR4_120702.zip
The patch folder contains 6 files: edgar_mod.f, biofuel_mod.f, input_mod.f, logical_mod.f, sulfate_mod.f, and input.geos. In input.geos, USE_EDGAR4 is a logical variable for user to choose EDGAR v.4.1 as anthropogenic emission inventory. Since biofuel emissions have been included in EDGAR v.4.1, if use EDGAR v.4.1, default biofuel emissions in GC model will be zero out automatically. If you would like to use shipping emissions from EDGAR v.4.1, also set LEDGARSHIP to True. Aircraft emissions in EDGAR v.4.1 were not implemented.
EDGAR v.4.1 emission data includes the following sectors.
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_ 1A1_ENE: Energy (fuel combustion).
EDGAR_V41_IPCC _1A2_2: Industry combustion and process emissions (fuel combustion).
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A3b_c_e: Ground Transport (road transport, rail transport and other transport, fuel combustion).
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A3d1: International shipping (fuel combustion).
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A3d_SHIP: Inland Waterways (fuel combustion).
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A4_5: Residential and other combustion (fuel combustion).
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1B: Fuel production.
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_6A_6C: Solid Waste.
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_7: Other Sources.
Original documentation of EDGAR inventory can be found from the following URL: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=41
If you have any question, please contact Qiang Zhang (qiangzhang@tsinghua.edu.cn) at Tsinghua University .
RETRO
RETRO anthropogenic VOC emissions are the recommended default for anthropogenic VOC emissions. The RETRO inventory has improved temporal and spatial resolution and a more inclusive suite of speciated NMVOCs than many of the other optional inventories.
GEIA/Piccot
Previously, this was the baseline anthropogenic emissions inventory in GEOS-Chem.
Description from Wang et al [1998]:
A global NOx emission inventory (21 Tg N/yr) from fossil fuel combustion has been compiled by the Global Emission Inventory Activity [Benkovitz et al 1996] with a 1° x 1° resolution....
Our global CO emission inventory includes 390 TG CO/yr from fossil fuel combustion and industrial activities and 130 Tg CO/yr from wood fuel burning. This inventory has a resolution of 1° x 1° and is aseasonal....
We adopted the country-by-country inventory of Piccot et al [1992] for emissions of paraffins (45 Tg C/yr) and olefins (18 Tg C/yr) from fossil fuel combustion and industrial activity. The emissions within each country were distributed on the basis of population density using a 1° x 1° population map [Benkovitz et al 1996]. The Piccot et al inventory gives no information on the speciation of paraffins and olefins; a speciation of emissions for the United states is, however, available from NAPAP [Middleton et al 1990]....On the basis of [additional data from Harvard Forest], we modify the NAPAP apportionment of paraffins....Assuming the NHMC speciation for the United States to be globally representative, we deduce global emission rates of 6.3 Tg C/yr of Ethane, 6.8 Tg C/yr of propane, 30 Tg C/yr of >=C4 alkanes, 1.0 Tg C/yr of acetone, 1.0 Tg C/yr of higher ketones, and 10.4 Tg C/yr of >=C3 alkenes.
References:
- Benkovitz, C. M., M. T. Scholtz, J. Pacyna, L. Tarrason, J. Dignon, E. C. Voldner, P. A. Spiro, J. A. Logan, and T. E. Graedel, Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D22), 29,239-29,253, 1996.
- Middleton, P., W.R. Stockwell, and W.P.L. Carter, Aggregation and analysis of volatile organic carbon emissions for regional modeling, Atmos. Env., 24A, 1107-1133, 1990.
- Piccot, S.D., J.J. Watson, and J.W. Jones. A global inventory of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic sources, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9897-9912, 1992.
- Wang, Y., D.J. Jacob, and J.A. Logan, Global simulation of tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry, 1. Model formulation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, D9,10,713-10,726, 1998. PDF
Regional inventories
These inventories can be used to "overwrite" the global emissions inventories in specific regions of the world.
We recommend that you turn on the regional emissions (e.g. BRAVO, CAC, EPA/NEI05, EMEP, etc.), which will override the default underlying global emissions (e.g. EDGAR). To select these emissions inventories, you will have to modify the EMISSIONS MENU section of the input.geos input file. For detailed instructions, please see Section 5.2.1.5 of the GEOS-Chem Users' Guide.
| Inventory | Base Year | Region | NOx | CO | PRPE | C3H8 | ALK4 | C2H6 | ACET | MEK | ALD2 | CH2O | SO2 | SO4 | NH3 | BC/OC | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAC | 2002,2005 | Canada | x | x | x | x | |||||||||||
| EMEP | 1980-2005 | Europe | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | month (NOx,SOx,CO,NH3) | |||||
| EPA (ICARTT) | 1999 (2004) | USA | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | month, weekday/weekend | ||
| VISTAS | 2002 | USA | x | month | |||||||||||||
| BRAVO | 1999 | Mexico | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| STREETS 2000 (2004) | 2000 (2004) | S.E. Asia | x | x | x | x | month (NOx,CO,NH3) | ||||||||||
| STREETS 2006 | 2006 | S.E. Asia | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | month (NOx,CO) | |||
| COOKE | 1996 | N. America | x | month |
BRAVO
Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study Emissions Inventory for Mexico and some neighboring U.S. states.
- Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study Emissions Inventory, H. Kuhns, M. Green, and V. Etyemezian, 2003. PDF
CAC
The Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC) inventory is a regional inventory of anthropogenic emissions over Canada. For more information about the data files, please see this README file.
NOTE about ammonia emissions: The latest anthropogenic ammonia (NH3) emissions inventory over Canada is provided by Agriculture Canada, acquired from detailed surveys on monthly emissions of five agricultural categories: beef, dairy, fertilizer, poultry, and swine. For more information about the data files, please see this README file.
David Streets
Please visit our David Streets regional emissions for China and SE Asia wiki page.
--Bob Y. 11:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)
EMEP
The Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) inventory for Europe.
The EMEP inventory also includes emissions from ship exhaust.
NOTE: The EMEP emissions data have been extended to the year 2007 in GEOS-Chem v8-03-01 and higher versions.
References:
- Auvray, M., and I. Bey, Long-Range Transport to Europe: Seasonal Variations and Implications for the European Ozone Budget, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D11303, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005503, 2005.
- Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality assurance and trend analysis & Presentation of WebDab, MSC-W Status Report 2002, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo Norway, July 2002. PDF
- Vestreng et al., EMEP 2005 expert emissions, 2007. (need full citation!)
EPA/NEI05
Please visit our page for the EPA/NEI05 North American emissions.
EPA/NEI99
Please visit our page for the EPA/NEI99 North American emissions.
Annual scale factors for anthropogenic emissions inventories
Please see our new Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions wiki page for the latest information about scale factors for anthropogenic emissions inventories used in GEOS-Chem.
The " => Scale to (1985-2005)" option in input.geos will scale all anthropogenic emissions to the year that you select, unless data for that year exists. If you enter a negative number (recommended), emissions will be automatically scaled to the closest-to-simulation year and/or the best base year is selected when several are available in one inventory (like EMEP). It is recommended to set this field to -1 or 2006 for simulations after 2005, so that all inventories are scaled to 2005, and STREETS 2006 is used in SE ASIA.
Here is a brief explanation from van Donkelaar et al., ACPD, 8, 4017-4057, 2008:
We scale all regional and global inventories from their respective base year to 2003, the last year of available statistics, unless its base year is after 2003. Our approach follows Bey et al. (2001) and Park et al. (2004). Emissions are scaled according to estimates provided by individual countries, where available. These countries/regions include the United States, Canada, Japan and Europe. NOx emissions of remaining countries are scaled proportional to changes in total CO2 emissions. SOx emissions are similarly scaled to solid fuel CO2 emissions and CO emissions to liquid fuel CO2 emissions. CO2 emission data are obtained from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC).
Note that the scale factor have been updated since that paper to go up to 2005, and are based on REAS data now for South East Asia:
Relative changes in the REAS inventory (Ohara et al., ACP, [2007], http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frsgc/research/d4/reas_h_a.html) over East Asia have been used. This should be a good improvement as REAS emissions are gridded, rather than national scale emissions, giving us much better spatial detail. Also, these scalars are now based on actual NOx, SOx and CO emission estimates, not strictly an assumed proportionality between total, solid and liquid CO2 emissions.
Seasonal scale factors for anthropogenic emissions inventories
Seasonal scale factors are described on the Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions wiki page.
Diurnal variation for anthropogenic NOx emissions
The diurnal variation for NOx is described on the Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions wiki page.
Other resources
Please see the following references for more information about anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-Chem:
- Anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03
- Anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04
- Anthropogenic emissions prior to v8-01-01
Known issues
Anthropogenic ethane emissions are too low
This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation v9-01-03i and approved on 26 Mar 2012.
In addition to RETRO anthropogenic ethane emissions being too low, Emily Fischer found that ethane emissions in the EPA/NEI2005, Streets, and EMEP regional inventories are also too low. Therefore, these regional ethane emissions should not overwrite the global anthropogenic ethane emissions provided by Yaping Xiao. This update is slated for implementation into GEOS-Chem v9-01-03, as part of the update to replace RETRO C2H6 emissions with emissions from the offline C2H6 simulation.
--Melissa Payer 13:51, 23 March 2012 (EDT)
