Grid-independent emissions

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These emissions were be implemented in GEOS-Chem 12.4.0.

Overview

The grid-independent emissions were identified as a priority during the development of GCHP, which uses cubed-sphere grids instead of the traditional lat-lon grids used by GEOS-Chem "Classic". As such, emissions that utilized resolution-dependent scale factors (e.g. dust and lightning) posed a challenge. The solution was to use grid-independent emissions saved out at high-resolution that would be regridded to the simulation grid at run time via HEMCO.

The grid-independent (aka offline) emissions were implemented in GEOS-Chem 12.5.0. They are available at 0.25° x 0.3125° and 0.5° x 0.625°, which correspond to the native horizontal resolution of the GEOS-FP and MERRA-2 meteorology fields used to drive GEOS-Chem. The offline emissions were generated by running the HEMCO standalone with the analogous online emissions (or HEMCO extension) turned on.

By default, these offline emissions are turned on. To use the online emissions instead, set the offline emissions (OFFLINE_DUST, OFFLINE_BIOGENICVOC, OFFLINE_SEASALT, and/or OFFLINE_SOILNOX) to false at the top of HEMCO_Config.rc and set the corresponding HEMCO extension (DustDead, MEGAN, SeaSalt, and/or SoilNOx) to on.

Download

The grid-independent emissions are stored on at the WashU data portal and may be accessed at the following address:

 http://geoschemdata.wustl.edu

A copy of the grid-independent emissions may be found on the Harvard and Dalhousie data archives, but they are not guaranteed to be up-to-date or contain all years available.

Dust emissions

Developers: David Ridley (CARB, formerly MIT), Jun Meng (Dalhousie)

README: http://geoschemdata.wustl.edu/ExtData/HEMCO/OFFLINE_DUST/v2021-08/README

Please see this post on the Mineral Dust Aerosols wiki page for a details about the offline dust emissions.

Lightning NOx emissions

Developer: Lee Murray (Rochester)

README: http://geoschemdata.wustl.edu/ExtData/HEMCO/OFFLINE_LIGHTNING/v2020-03/GEOSFP/README

Biogenic VOC emissions

Developer: Jintai Lin (PKU) and Hongjian Weng (PKU)

README: http://geoschemdata.wustl.edu/ExtData/HEMCO/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2021-12/README.txt

Grid-independent offline biogenic VOC emissions are now available for GEOS-Chem at native MERRA-2 (0.5° x 0.625°) and GEOS-FP (0.25° x 0.3125°) meteorology field resolution. The emissions used in GEOS-Chem 12.5.0 and later were generated with GEOS-Chem 12.3.0 using the Yuan-processed MODIS XLAI.

Fixes for biogenic SOAP, SOAS, and CO emissions

This fix was included in GEOS-Chem 12.5.0, which was released on 09 Sep 2019.

The 1-month benchmark for GEOS-Chem 12.5.0 revealed some issues with the SOAP, SOAS, and CO emissions in the updated offline biogenic VOC emissions (in OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-08/. To resolve the issues, SOAP and SOAS emissions from those files are ignored, and we instead compute those emissions directly from isoprene and monoterpene emissions.

0 BIOGENIC_ISOP      $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-08/{NATIVE_RES}/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_{LATRES}x{LONRES}.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc ISOP_MEGAN    1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s ISOP -   4 2
0 BIOGENIC_ISOP_SOAP -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAP 610 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_ISOP_SOAS -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAS 610 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_LIMO      $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-08/{NATIVE_RES}/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_{LATRES}x{LONRES}.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc LIMO_MEGAN    1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s LIMO -   4 2
0 BIOGENIC_LIMO_SOAP -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAP 611 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_LIMO_SOAS -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAS 611 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_MTPA      $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-08/{NATIVE_RES}/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_{LATRES}x{LONRES}.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc MTPA_MEGAN    1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s MTPA -   4 2
0 BIOGENIC_MTPA_SOAP -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAP 611 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_MTPA_SOAS -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAS 611 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_MTPO      $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-08/{NATIVE_RES}/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_{LATRES}x{LONRES}.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc MTPO_MEGAN    1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s MTPO -   4 2
0 BIOGENIC_MTPO_SOAP -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAP 611 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_MTPO_SOAS -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAS 611 4  2
0 BIOGENIC_SESQ      $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-08/{NATIVE_RES}/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_{LATRES}x{LONRES}.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc SESQ_MEGAN    1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s SESQ -   4 2 
0 BIOGENIC_SESQ_SOAP -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAP 612 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_SESQ_SOAS -                                                                                            -             -                        - -  -        SOAS 612 4 2

#==============================================================================
# --- Offline biogenic VOC scale factors ---
#
# Isoprene      : 1.5% mass yield SOAP, 1.5% mass yield SOAS
# Monoterpenes  : 5.0% mass yield SOAP, 5.0% mass yield SOAS
# Other terpenes: 5.0% mass yield SOAP, 5.0% mass yield SOAS
#  --> Need to multiply by 1.133 to convert from carbon basis to mass basis
#==============================================================================
610 ISOPtoSOA 0.0170 - - - xy 1 1
611 MONOtoSOA 0.0567 - - - xy 1 1
612 OTHRtoSOA 0.0567 - - - xy 1 1

In addition, the offline biogenic CO emissions are not used to avoid double counting.

Apply temporary scaling to biogenic VOC emissions in 12.4.0

The offline biogenic VOC emissions implemented in GEOS-Chem 12.4.0 and found in HEMCO/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01 were generated using GEOS-Chem v11-02. The following updates and fixes had been applied to MEGAN since v11-02:

Jintai Lin's group is going to regenerate the offline biogenic VOC emissions with the latest version of the model, but as a temporary fix we are going to scale the annual biogenic VOC emission totals to those in 12.3.0. The scale factors were generated by running the HEMCO standalone using online MEGAN emissions and offline biogenic VOC emissions for one year (2016).

        geosfp_4x5_MEGAN  geosfp_2x25_MEGAN  geosfp_4x5_OfflineBioVOC  Scale Factors
ACET	25.05267 Tg       24.37869 Tg        26.95496 Tg               0.9294271416
ALD2	9.882695 Tg       9.772552 Tg        8.402392 Tg               1.176176379
C2H4	21.87993 Tg       21.54709 Tg        16.22218 Tg               1.348766171
EOH	9.450429 Tg       9.345103 Tg        8.034874 Tg               1.176176378
ISOP	355.8949 Tg       364.0299 Tg        233.8795 Tg               1.521701941
PRPE	19.95450 Tg       19.46565 Tg        18.49293 Tg               1.079034029
SOAP	0.484302 Tg       0.495372 Tg        0.067689 Tg               7.154810974
SOAS	0.484302 Tg       0.495372 Tg        0.067689 Tg               7.154810974 

The following changes need to be included in HEMCO_Config.rc if you're using this version of the offline biogenic VOC emissions.

#==============================================================================
# --- Offline biogenic VOC emissions ---
#==============================================================================
0 BIOGENIC_ACET $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc ACET_MEGAN 1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s ACET 610 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_ALD2 $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc ALD2_MEGAN 1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s ALD2 611 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_C2H4 $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc C2H4_MEGAN 1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s C2H4 612 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_EOH  $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc EOH_MEGAN  1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s EOH  613 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_ISOP $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc ISOP_MEGAN 1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s ISOP 614 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_PRPE $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc PRPE_MEGAN 1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s PRPE 615 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_SOAP $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc SOAP_MEGAN 1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s SOAP 616 4 2
0 BIOGENIC_SOAS $ROOT/OFFLINE_BIOVOC/v2019-01/0.25x0.3125/$YYYY/$MM/biovoc_025.$YYYY$MM$DD.nc SOAS_MEGAN 1980-2017/1-12/1-31/0-23 C xy kgC/m2/s SOAS 616 4 2

...

610 ACET_SF 0.929 - - - xy 1 1
611 ALD2_SF 1.176 - - - xy 1 1
612 C2H4_SF 1.349 - - - xy 1 1
613 EOH_SF  1.176 - - - xy 1 1
614 ISOP_SF 1.522 - - - xy 1 1
615 PRPE_SF 1.079 - - - xy 1 1
616 SOA_SF  7.155 - - - xy 1 1

--Melissa Sulprizio (talk) 16:07, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

Sea salt emissions

Developer: Jintai Lin (PKU) and Hongjian Weng (PKU)

README: http://geoschemdata.wustl.edu/ExtData/HEMCO/OFFLINE_SEASALT/v2019-01/README

Soil NOx emissions

Developer: Jintai Lin (PKU) and Hongjian Weng (PKU)

README: http://geoschemdata.wustl.edu/ExtData/HEMCO/OFFLINE_SOILNOX/v2021-12/README.txt