Difference between revisions of "Ship emissions"

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== Overview ==
 
== Overview ==
  
−
At present there are several different ship emissions options in GEOS-Chem.
+
At present there are several different ship emissions options in GEOS-Chem.  All of these are available for use via the [https://hemco.readthedocs.io Harmonized Emissions Component (HEMCO)].
  
−
;ARCTAS: The ARCTAS pre-mission ship SO2 emissions from David Streets. [''Eyring et al'', 2005a and 2005b]
+
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
−
;Corbett: Ship emissions inventory as described in ''Corbett et al'' [1999].
+
|-valign="top" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
−
;EDGAR: SO2 ship emissions from the EDGAR 3.2 FT2000 global inventory.
+
!Inventory
−
;EMEP: Ship emissions from the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme).
+
!Species included
−
;ICOADS: Emission inventory based on data from the nternational Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data sets [''Wang et al'', 2008].
+
!Year(s)
 +
!HEMCO Hierarchy
 +
!Notes
  
−
Starting with [[GEOS-Chem v8-01-04]], ship-emitted NOx is no longer emitted directly as NOx, but as the combination HNO3 + 10*O3, following ''Chen et al'' [2005].
+
|-valign="top"
 +
!colspan=5 bgcolor="CCFFFF"|Currently-used ship emission inventories
  
−
== ARCTAS ==
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]]
 +
|NO, CO, SOAP, SO2, SO4, pFe, NH3, BC, OC, CO2, CH4, EOH, C2H6, C3H8, ALK4, C2H4, PRPE, C2H2, BENZ, TOLU, XYLE, CH2O, ALD2, MEK, HCOOH
 +
|1950-2014
 +
|5
 +
|
 +
*CEDS is the default global ship emission inventory in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Now supersedes ARCTAS, ICOADS, and/or Corbett.
  
−
The ARCTAS pre-mission inventory of SO2 was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-01-04]].   
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[Anthropogenic_emissions#HTAP|HTAP]]
 +
|CO, SOAP, SO2
 +
|2008-2010
 +
|4
 +
|
 +
*Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file.   
 +
*HTAP is a research option but not a standard option.
  
−
The source code is contained in file <tt>arctas_ship_emiss_mod.f</tt>.
+
|-valign="top"
 +
!colspan=5 bgcolor="CCFFFF"|Deprecated ship emission inventories
  
−
For more information about the data, please see the README file: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_1x1/ARCTAS_SHIP_2008/README GEOS_1x1/ARCTAS_SHIP_2008/README]
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[#ARCTAS|ARCTAS]]
 +
|SO2
 +
|2008
 +
|1
 +
|
 +
*Superseded by [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Can still be used as a research option.
  
−
'''''Philippe Le Sager wrote:'''''
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[#ICOADS|ICOADS]]
 +
|CO, SOAP, SO2
 +
|2002
 +
|2
 +
|
 +
*SO2 commented out
 +
*Superseded by [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Can still be used as a research option.
  
−
<blockquote>The ship emission is based on the work by ''Eyring et al.'', [2005a and 2005b], which estimates the total international ship emissions for 1985, 1990, 2001, and 2020 (projection). The ship emission for each individual year is interpreted based on the above years, and the spatial pattern (gridded) is mapped based on the EDGAR gridded ship emission for 2000 (total amount from EDGAR is scaled to Eyring-based number).</blockquote>
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[#Corbett|Corbett]]
 +
|SO2
 +
|1985
 +
|3
 +
|
 +
*Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file
 +
*Superseded by [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Can still be used as a research option.
  
−
<blockquote>If you want to reference the work on publication or website, you may either mention ''Diehl et al.'' [manuscript in preparation, 2009] or refer to the [http://www-lscedods.cea.fr/aerocom/AEROCOM_HC/readme_ship AeroCom readme document] (prepared by Diehl).</blockquote>
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[EDGAR_v4.3_anthropogenic_emissions|EDGAR]]
 +
|NO, CO, SO2
 +
|1970-2010
 +
|N/A
 +
|
 +
*Chi Li wrote: Aviation and shipping emissions are not included [in EDGAR v4.3], since it is hard to spatially assign the total emissions of international aviation and shipping in the time series data.
  
−
== Corbett ==
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|-valign="top"
 +
|[[EMEP_European_anthropogenic_emissions#EMEP_European_ship_emissions_inventory|EMEP]]
 +
|CO, SOAP, SO2
 +
|1990-2012
 +
|10
 +
|
 +
*Retired in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.5.0|GEOS-Chem 12.5.0]].
  
−
For more information about this inventory please see: Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, ''Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''104'''(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[EPA/NEI11_North_American_emissions|EPA/NEI2011]]
 +
|HNO2, CO, SOAP, NH3, CH2O, RCHO, MACR, ACET, C3H8, MEK, ALK4, PRPE, EOH, MOH, XYLE, TOLU, BENZ, SO2, SO4, pFe, C2H4, C2H6, ALD2, BC, OC
 +
|2006-2013
 +
|50
 +
|
 +
*<tt>NEI2011_SHIP_HOURLY</tt> and <tt>NEI2011_SHIP_MONTHLY</tt> are set to false by default
 +
*Katie Travis wrote, "The ship inventory for NEI11 only goes a few km from land, so it isn’t a complete ‘ship inventory’.  Maybe we just shouldn’t use it as a default."
  
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The Corbett et al data are read from disk by routine <tt>READ_SHIP_SO2</tt> in <tt>sulfate_mod.f</tt>.
+
|}
  
−
For more information about the data files, please see the following README files:
+
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] ([[User talk:Melissa Payer|talk]]) 16:21, 18 June 2019 (UTC)<br>--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 21:52, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
  
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_0.5x0.666_CH/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_0.5x0.666_CH/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
== ARCTAS ==
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_0.5x0.666_NA/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_0.5x0.666_NA/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
<span style="color:red"><big><strong>ARCTAS is now superseded by  [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GEOS-Chem 12.1.0]] and later versions.</strong></big></span>
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_2x2.5/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_4x5/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_4x5/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
  
−
== EDGAR ==
+
The ARCTAS pre-mission inventory of SO2 was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-01-04]]. 
  
−
For more information about the data files, please see the following README document: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_1x1/EDGAR_200607/README GEOS_1x1/EDGAR_200607/README]
+
'''''Philippe Le Sager wrote:'''''
  
−
The source code routines that read the EDGAR ship emissions data from disk are:
+
<blockquote>The ship emission is based on the work by ''Eyring et al.'', [2005a and 2005b], which estimates the total international ship emissions for 1985, 1990, 2001, and 2020 (projection). The ship emission for each individual year is interpreted based on the above years, and the spatial pattern (gridded) is mapped based on the EDGAR gridded ship emission for 2000 (total amount from EDGAR is scaled to Eyring-based number).</blockquote>
  
−
#<tt>SEASCL_EDGAR_SHIP_SO2 (edgar_mod.f)
+
<blockquote>If you want to reference the work on publication or website, you may either mention ''Diehl et al.'' [manuscript in preparation, 2009] or refer to the [http://www-lscedods.cea.fr/aerocom/AEROCOM_HC/readme_ship AeroCom readme document] (prepared by Diehl).</blockquote>
−
#GET_EDGAR_SHIP_SO2        (edgar_mod.f)</tt>
+
  
−
The EDGAR ship SO2 emissions are reported as per year.  Routine <tt>SEASCL_EDGAR_SHIP_SO2</tt> applies monthly scale factors (which are computed as the ratio of monthly/total ship SO2 emissions from the [[#Corbett|Corbett et al inventory]] to the annual EDGAR ship SO2 emissions.  This is required to impose aseasonality onto the EDGAR ship SO2 emissions.
+
In [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] and newer versions, the ARCTAS ship emissions data files are read with the [[HEMCO|HEMCO emissions component]].  We have created [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php/Ship_emissions#ARCTAS ARCTAS ship data files] (in [[Preparing data files for use with HEMCO|COARDS-compliant netCDF format]]) for use with HEMCO.  These new data files are contained in the [[HEMCO data directories|HEMCO data directory tree]].  For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our [[HEMCO_data_directories#Downloading_the_HEMCO_data_directories|''Downloading the HEMCO data directories'' wiki post]].
  
−
== EMEP ==
+
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 22:01, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
  
−
The EMEP inventory contains ship emissions for NOx, CO, SO2.  
+
== Corbett ==
 +
<span style="color:red"><big><strong>Corbett is now superseded by [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GEOS-Chem 12.1.0]] and later versions.</strong></big></span>
  
−
The source code is located in file <tt>emep_mod.f</tt>.
+
For more information about this inventory please see: Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, ''Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''104'''(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.
  
−
Please also note the following fixes:
+
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
  
−
#[[#Minor fixes for EMEP ship emissions|Minor fixes for EMEP ship emissions]]
+
== ICOADS ==
−
#[[#Inconsistent mask file for EMEP ship emissions|Inconsistent mask file for EMEP ship emissions]]
+
<span style="color:red"><big><strong>ICOADS is now superseded by  [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GEOS-Chem 12.1.0]] and later versions.</strong></big></span>
  
−
=== 1980 to 1989 ===
+
The ICOADS ship inventory was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-03]].  It contains the species NOx, CO, and SO2. [mailto:cklee79@gmail.com Chulkyu Lee] worked on implementing ICOADS into GEOS-Chem. 
  
−
EMEP ship data from 1980-1989 emit NOx as pure NOx (and not HNO3 + 10*O3). It was not possible to separate the NOx into HNO3 and O3 from this data set.
+
From [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0700799''Wang et al'' <nowiki>[2008]</nowiki>]:
  
−
See ''Auvray and Bey'' [2005] and [http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2002/mscw_note_1_2002.pdf ''Vestreng and Klein'' <nowiki>[2002]</nowiki>] for more information.
+
<blockquote>Ship activity patterns depicted by the International Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data set, and their combination demonstrate different spatial and statistical sampling biases. These differences could significantly affect the accuracy of ship emissions inventories and atmospheric modeling. We demonstrate (using ICOADS) a method to improve global-proxy representativeness by trimming over-reporting vessels that mitigates sampling bias, augment the sample data set, and account for ship heterogeneity. Apparent under-reporting to ICOADS and AMVER by ships near coastlines, perhaps engaged in coastwise (short sea) shipping especially in Europe, indicates that bottom-up regional inventories may be more representative locally. Primarily due to the long time series available publicly for ICOADS data, the improved ICOADS data set may be the most appropriate global ship traffic proxy identified to date to be used for a top-down approach. More generally, these three spatial proxies can be used together to perform uncertainty analyses of ship air-emissions impacts on a global scale (http://coast.cms.udel.edu/GlobalShipEmissions/).</blockquote>
  
−
=== 1990 to 2005 ===
+
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
  
−
EMEP ship data from 1990-2005 are based on [''Vestreng et al'', 2007].
+
== PARANOX ship plume model ==
  
−
For more information about the data, please see the README file: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_1x1/EMEP_200911/README GEOS_1x1/EMEP_200911/README]
+
An updated version of PARANOX was brought into [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] via the [[HEMCO|HEMCO emissions component]].
  
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 24 February 2010 (EST)
+
=== PARANOX updates by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken (July 2014) ===
  
−
== ICOADS ==
+
This post describes the original updates to PARANOX made by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken in July 2014.  These updates have since been brought into GEOS-Chem as an [[#Re-implementation as a HEMCO extension|extension to the HEMCO emissions component]].
  
−
The ICOADS ship inventory was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-03]].  It contains the species NOx, CO, and SO2. [mailto:cklee79@gmail.com Chulkyu Lee] worked on implementing ICOADS into GEOS-Chem. 
+
'''''[[User:Chris_Holmes|Chris Holmes]] wrote:'''''
  
−
The source code is in file <tt>icoads_ship_mod.f</tt>.
+
:Geert and I have updated the ship plume emissions in GEOS-Chem. A paper based on the updated model is now accepted in ACP ([http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/6801/2014/acp-14-6801-2014.html see this link]).
 +
:The updated features are as follows:
 +
:#Ship plume chemical aging now depends on wind speed, which directly affects the plume dispersion rates and indirectly affects the plume chemistry.
 +
:#The underlying Gaussian plume model now includes dry deposition.
 +
:#NO, NO2, and O3 are all emitted separately, consistent with removing the NOx and Ox families in GC v9-02.
 +
:#The look-up tables are now in netCDF format.
 +
:#CH4 oxidation in ship plumes is now diagnosed and written in the <tt>paranox_ts</tt> files. This is only a diagnostic and does not affect the model chemistry.
  
−
For more information about the data, see the README file: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_1x1/ICOADS_200907/README GEOS_1x1/ICOADS_200907/README]
+
:As with previous versions, PARANOX uses a look-up table derived from a Gaussian plume model to provide effective emission factors for NOx, O3, and HNO3 from ships. Both the Gaussian plume model and GEOS-Chem with the embedded look-up tables have been evaluated against observations (Holmes et al. 2014; Vinken et al., 2011). The emission factors are based on 8 environmental variables from the CTM: ambient concentrations of NOx and O3, solar zenith angle at emission time and 5 hours later, photolysis rates of NO2 and O3, temperature, and wind speed.
  
−
From [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0700799''Wang et al'' <nowiki>[2008]</nowiki>]:
+
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 10:21, 18 June 2014 (EDT)
  
−
<blockquote>Ship activity patterns depicted by the International Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data set, and their combination demonstrate different spatial and statistical sampling biases. These differences could significantly affect the accuracy of ship emissions inventories and atmospheric modeling. We demonstrate (using ICOADS) a method to improve global-proxy representativeness by trimming over-reporting vessels that mitigates sampling bias, augment the sample data set, and account for ship heterogeneity. Apparent under-reporting to ICOADS and AMVER by ships near coastlines, perhaps engaged in coastwise (short sea) shipping especially in Europe, indicates that bottom-up regional inventories may be more representative locally. Primarily due to the long time series available publicly for ICOADS data, the improved ICOADS data set may be the most appropriate global ship traffic proxy identified to date to be used for a top-down approach. More generally, these three spatial proxies can be used together to perform uncertainty analyses of ship air-emissions impacts on a global scale (http://coast.cms.udel.edu/GlobalShipEmissions/).</blockquote>
+
=== Re-implementation as a HEMCO extension ===
  
−
== PARANOX ship plume model ==
+
[[User:Christoph Keller|Christoph Keller]] and the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]] have re-implemented [[#PARANOX updates by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken (July 2014)|the updated implementation of PARANOX described above]] as a HEMCO extension.  A new HEMCO extension module (<tt>HEMCO/Extensions/hcox_paranox_mod.F90</tt>) has now replaced the original <tt>paranox_mod.F</tt> module.
  
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03f|v9-01-03f]] and approved on 17 Feb 2012.'''''
+
[http://ftp.as.harvard.edu/gcgrid/data/ExtData/HEMCO/PARANOX/v2015-02/README New PARANOX lookup table files] have been created in both [[Preparing data files for use with HEMCO|COARDS-compliant netCDF format]] as well as in text format for use with HEMCO. These new data files are contained in the [[HEMCO data directories|HEMCO data directory tree]].  For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our [[HEMCO_data_directories#Downloading_the_HEMCO_data_directories|''Downloading the HEMCO data directories'' wiki post]].
  
−
'''''[mailto:g.c.m.vinken@tue.nl Geert Vinken] wrote:'''''
+
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 13:23, 3 March 2015 (EST)
−
 
+
−
:[At the] past GEOS-Chem user's meeting I had a [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/meetings/2011/pdf/Day1/MonF_Photo_vinken_geert_1_pc.pdf presentation about accounting for non-linear chemistry] of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem model.  I think my code is ready to be incorporated in the GEOS-Chem model.
+
−
 
+
−
:The [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/11707/2011/acp-11-11707-2011.html reference for my work] has just been published.
+
−
 
+
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:27, 1 December 2011 (EST)
+
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 109: Line 167:
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, J. van Aardenne, and A. Lauer, ''Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005619, 2005a.
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, J. van Aardenne, and A. Lauer, ''Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005619, 2005a.
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper, ''Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17306, doi:10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005b.
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper, ''Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17306, doi:10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005b.
 +
#Holmes, C. D., Prather, M. J., and Vinken, G. C. M., ''The climate impact of ship NOx emissions: an improved estimate accounting for plume chemistry'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys.</u>, '''14''', 6801-6812, doi:10.5194/acp-14-6801-2014, 2014. [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/6801/2014/acp-14-6801-2014.html Link]
 
#Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, ''Global emissions sources and sinks''. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) <u>The Climate System</u>, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
 
#Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, ''Global emissions sources and sinks''. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) <u>The Climate System</u>, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
 
#Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), ''Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality insurance and trend analysis and presentation of Web-Dab, MSC-W Status Rep. 2002'':, 101 pp., <u>Norw. Meteorol. Inst.</u>, Oslo, Norway. [http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2002/mscw_note_1_2002.pdf PDF]
 
#Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), ''Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality insurance and trend analysis and presentation of Web-Dab, MSC-W Status Rep. 2002'':, 101 pp., <u>Norw. Meteorol. Inst.</u>, Oslo, Norway. [http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2002/mscw_note_1_2002.pdf PDF]
Line 116: Line 175:
  
 
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:31, 1 December 2011 (EST)
 
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:31, 1 December 2011 (EST)
−
 
−
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==
 
−
 
−
=== Minor fixes for EMEP ship emissions ===
 
−
 
−
Please see these posts about minor bug fixes for EMEP ship emissions in  [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-04#Bug fix for EMEP ship emissions|v8-02-04]] in [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-05#Fix for initialization of EMEP ship emissions|v8-02-05]].
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:08, 25 February 2010 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Bug for ship emissions in emfossil.f ===
 
−
 
−
'''''NOTE: This fix has been incorporated into [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01]].'''''
 
−
 
−
'''''[mailto:g.c.m.vinken@tue.nl Geert Vinken] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:'''Problem:''' The ship NOx emissions are as HNO3 and O3. These are stored in the EMISRR array when the other NOx emissions are determined. However, when later on the HNO3 and O3 emissions are determined these entries in the EMISRR arrays are overwritten. This way the ship HNO3 and O3 emissions are lost and consequently no ship emissions are present in the model!
 
−
 
−
:'''Code problem:'''  In <tt>emissdr.f</tt> (line258) the fossil fuel emissions are called for all the emitted species.
 
−
 
−
    IF ( LANTHRO ) THEN
 
−
      DO N = 1, NEMANTHRO
 
−
          NN = IDEMS(N)
 
−
 
−
          IF ( NN /= 0 ) THEN
 
−
              CALL EMFOSSIL( I, J, N, NN, IREF, JREF, JSCEN )
 
−
          ENDIF
 
−
      ENDDO         
 
−
    ENDIF
 
−
 
−
:In <tt>emfossil.f</tt> the work array is initialized in line 525:
 
−
 
−
          ! Initialize work variables
 
−
          EMX(:)  = 0d0
 
−
 
−
:And then in line 814 the EMISRR(I,J,N) array is overwritten with the work array:
 
−
 
−
          EMISRR(I,J,N) = EMX(1) * XNUMOL(NN) / DTSRCE
 
−
 
−
:Here the present HNO3 and O3 emissions from the NOx emissions are thus overwritten.
 
−
 
−
:'''Fix:''' I think the following should fix this, as the EMISRR array is zeroed in every call to <tt>emissdr.f</tt> this should give no problems:
 
−
 
−
            !--------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
            ! Store in EMISRR array and archive diagnostics
 
−
            !--------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
    !--- Prior to (gvinken, 11/16/10). Emissions already present in EMISRR
 
−
    !    no longer get overwritten.
 
−
    !        EMISRR(I,J,N) = EMX(1) * XNUMOL(NN) / DTSRCE
 
−
            EMISRR(I,J,N) = EMISRR(I,J,N) + EMX(1) * XNUMOL(NN) / DTSRCE
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:00, 16 November 2010 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Inconsistent mask file for EMEP ship emissions ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This fix was included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01]].'''''
 
−
 
−
'''''[mailto:g.c.m.vinken@tue.nl Geert Vinken] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:When I was looking at the ship emissions I noticed that the current mask that determines where to apply EMEP emissions, does not correspond anymore with the actual EMEP emissions. The mask still corresponds with the 200510 emissions data. This mismatch in the mask and the actual emissions results in no ship emissions being released over a region of the North Atlantic and north of Norway.
 
−
 
−
:As a solution I updated the mask file to correspond with the new border of the EMEP emissions domain. I cut of the mask west of 30W and north of 70N. This fixes the problem.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:28, 10 January 2011 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Potential bug in EDGAR ship emissions code ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02s|v9-01-02s]] and approved on 5 Nov 2011.'''''
 
−
 
−
Michael Long discovered this potential bug in the EDGAR emissions code. 
 
−
 
−
The current GEOS-Chem default configuration uses the ICOADS ship emissions instead of the EDGAR ship emissions.  In routine <tt>READ_EMISSIONS_MENU</tt> in <tt>input_mod.f</tt>, we have a safety check...we turn off the logical switch <tt>LEDGARSHIP</tt> if switch <tt>LICOADS</tt> is turned on:
 
−
 
−
      !=================================================================
 
−
      ! Check global ship emissions options
 
−
      !=================================================================
 
−
      ! Add an ship emissions options (cklee, 6/30/09)
 
−
      ! Replace with ICOADS ship emissions
 
−
      ! User can still use regional EMEP, and ARCTAS-SO2 if he wants (phs)
 
−
      IF ( LICOADSSHIP ) THEN
 
−
        LEDGARSHIP = .FALSE. ! ICOADS precedes EDGAR
 
−
        LSHIPSO2  = .FALSE. ! SO2-ICOADS precedes SO2-Corbett
 
−
      ENDIF   
 
−
 
−
In <tt>edgar_mod.F</tt>, the EDGAR ship emissions arrays are not allocated if the switch <tt>LEDGARSHIP == .FALSE.</tt>:
 
−
 
−
      IF ( LEDGARSHIP ) THEN
 
−
 
−
        ALLOCATE( EDGAR_SO2_SHIP( IIPAR, JJPAR ), STAT=AS )
 
−
        IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'EDGAR_SO2_SHIP' )
 
−
        EDGAR_SO2_SHIP = 0d0
 
−
 
−
        ALLOCATE( EDGAR_NOx_SHIP( IIPAR, JJPAR ), STAT=AS )
 
−
        IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'EDGAR_NOx_SHIP' )
 
−
        EDGAR_NOx_SHIP = 0d0
 
−
 
−
        ALLOCATE( EDGAR_CO_SHIP( IIPAR, JJPAR ), STAT=AS )
 
−
        IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'EDGAR_CO_SHIP' )
 
−
        EDGAR_CO_SHIP = 0d0
 
−
 
 
−
      ENDIF
 
−
 
−
However, we still pass <tt>EDGAR_CO_SHIP</tt> to routine <tt>COMPUTE_EDGAR_CO</tt> even if it is not allocated:
 
−
 
−
        IF ( LEDGARCO ) THEN
 
−
            CALL COMPUTE_EDGAR_CO( YEAR, EDGAR_CO, EDGAR_CO_SHIP )
 
−
        ENDIF
 
−
 
−
Here, <tt>EDGAR_CO_SHIP</tt> is an output variable, which is supposed to return the EDGAR ship emissions at the current model resolution.  This may produce undefined behavior.  This may trigger an error when compiling with the check-array-bounds option (<tt>BOUNDS=yes</tt>).
 
−
 
−
Some of the more forgiving compilers may "fix" this on-the-fly and thus, you might not see any errors.  However, for the sake of good programming practice, this should be fixed.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 16:12, 8 August 2011 (EDT)
 
−
 
−
=== Bug in ship NOx emissions ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02s|v9-01-02s]] and approved on 5 Nov 2011.'''''
 
−
 
−
'''''[mailto:cdholmes@uci.edu Chris Holmes] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:I found a bug in ship NOx emissions in [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02n|v9-01-02n]]. Ship NOx emissions are supposed to be emitted as (1 mol HNO3 + 10 mol O3) per mol NOx in the inventory. The code previously used molar masses incorrectly so that the ratios were actually 0.73 mol HNO3 and 9.5 mol O3. Thus, this bug fix will slightly increase O3 and HNO3 over the oceans. I have pasted the corrected code for <tt>emfossil.F</tt> below:
 
−
 
−
!---------------------------------------------------------------             
 
−
! Prior to cdh 10/20/2011, HNO3 and O3 emissions were incorrectly scaled
 
−
!    to ship NOx, due to molar masses being in the wrong place
 
−
!              ! Convert molec/cm2/s to kg/box/timestep to get same
 
−
!              ! units as EMISRN, ie default GEIA emiss (phs, 7/9/09)
 
−
!              SHIP = SHIP * ( DTSRCE * AREA_CM2 ) / XNUMOL(NN)
 
−
!       
 
−
!              ! Store as HNO3 and O3
 
−
!              EMISRR(I,J,IDEHNO3) = SHIP * XNUMOL(IDTHNO3) / DTSRCE
 
−
!              EMISRR(I,J,IDEOX)  = 10D0 * SHIP *
 
−
!    &                              XNUMOL(IDTOX) / DTSRCE
 
−
!             
 
−
!              ! ND36 = Anthro source diagnostic...store as [molec/cm2]
 
−
!              ! and convert to [molec/cm2/s] in DIAG3.F
 
−
!              IF ( ND36 > 0 ) THEN
 
−
!
 
−
!                  AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) = AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) + SHIP *
 
−
!    &                                XNUMOL(IDTHNO3) / AREA_CM2
 
−
!
 
−
!                  AD36(I,J,IDEOX) = AD36(I,J,IDEOX) + SHIP *
 
−
!    &                              10D0 * XNUMOL(IDTOX) / AREA_CM2
 
−
!                 
 
−
!              ENDIF
 
−
!---------------------------------------------------------------             
 
−
              ! Store as HNO3 and O3
 
−
              ! Convert molec/cm2/s to molec/box/s (cdh, 10/20/2011)
 
−
              EMISRR(I,J,IDEHNO3) = SHIP * AREA_CM2
 
−
              EMISRR(I,J,IDEOX)  = 10D0 * SHIP * AREA_CM2
 
−
             
 
−
              ! ND36 = Anthro source diagnostic...store as [molec/cm2]
 
−
              ! and convert to [molec/cm2/s] in DIAG3.F
 
−
              IF ( ND36 > 0 ) THEN
 
−
 
−
                  AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) = AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) + SHIP * DTSRCE
 
−
 
−
                  AD36(I,J,IDEOX) = AD36(I,J,IDEOX) + 10D0 * SHIP *
 
−
    &                              DTSRCE
 
−
                 
 
−
              ENDIF
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 13:44, 21 October 2011 (EDT)
 
−
 
−
== Outstanding issues not yet resolved ==
 
−
 
−
=== Duplicate ship emissions in Asia in Streets 2000 inventory ===
 
−
 
−
The anthropogenic emissions from the Streets 2000 inventory include ship emissions for NOx, SO2, and CO. This results in duplication of ship emissions when a global ship emissions inventory is used in model versions at least through v9-01-02. This will be fixed in a future version (TBD) by setting Streets anthropogenic NOx, SO2, and CO emissions to 0 for boxes that are 100% ocean. However, there may still be extra enhancements in coastal grid boxes, where land-based and ship emissions cannot be separated in this inventory.
 
−
 
−
 
−
This problem affects all simulations over Asia for model years 2000 and earlier. It also affects '''nested''' model runs for model years between 2001-2005 due to a bug in choosing the simulation year in the nested model, at least through v9-01-02. This separate problem will also be fixed in a future version (TBD).
 
−
 
−
--Jenny Fisher, 31 January 2012
 

Latest revision as of 16:08, 20 September 2022

This page describes the various ship emissions inventories that have been implemented in GEOS-Chem.

Overview

At present there are several different ship emissions options in GEOS-Chem. All of these are available for use via the Harmonized Emissions Component (HEMCO).

Inventory Species included Year(s) HEMCO Hierarchy Notes
Currently-used ship emission inventories
CEDS NO, CO, SOAP, SO2, SO4, pFe, NH3, BC, OC, CO2, CH4, EOH, C2H6, C3H8, ALK4, C2H4, PRPE, C2H2, BENZ, TOLU, XYLE, CH2O, ALD2, MEK, HCOOH 1950-2014 5
  • CEDS is the default global ship emission inventory in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Now supersedes ARCTAS, ICOADS, and/or Corbett.
HTAP CO, SOAP, SO2 2008-2010 4
  • Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file.
  • HTAP is a research option but not a standard option.
Deprecated ship emission inventories
ARCTAS SO2 2008 1
  • Superseded by CEDS in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Can still be used as a research option.
ICOADS CO, SOAP, SO2 2002 2
  • SO2 commented out
  • Superseded by CEDS in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Can still be used as a research option.
Corbett SO2 1985 3
  • Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file
  • Superseded by CEDS in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Can still be used as a research option.
EDGAR NO, CO, SO2 1970-2010 N/A
  • Chi Li wrote: Aviation and shipping emissions are not included [in EDGAR v4.3], since it is hard to spatially assign the total emissions of international aviation and shipping in the time series data.
EMEP CO, SOAP, SO2 1990-2012 10
EPA/NEI2011 HNO2, CO, SOAP, NH3, CH2O, RCHO, MACR, ACET, C3H8, MEK, ALK4, PRPE, EOH, MOH, XYLE, TOLU, BENZ, SO2, SO4, pFe, C2H4, C2H6, ALD2, BC, OC 2006-2013 50
  • NEI2011_SHIP_HOURLY and NEI2011_SHIP_MONTHLY are set to false by default
  • Katie Travis wrote, "The ship inventory for NEI11 only goes a few km from land, so it isn’t a complete ‘ship inventory’. Maybe we just shouldn’t use it as a default."

--Melissa Sulprizio (talk) 16:21, 18 June 2019 (UTC)
--Bob Yantosca (talk) 21:52, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

ARCTAS

ARCTAS is now superseded by CEDS in GEOS-Chem 12.1.0 and later versions.

The ARCTAS pre-mission inventory of SO2 was first introduced in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04.

Philippe Le Sager wrote:

The ship emission is based on the work by Eyring et al., [2005a and 2005b], which estimates the total international ship emissions for 1985, 1990, 2001, and 2020 (projection). The ship emission for each individual year is interpreted based on the above years, and the spatial pattern (gridded) is mapped based on the EDGAR gridded ship emission for 2000 (total amount from EDGAR is scaled to Eyring-based number).
If you want to reference the work on publication or website, you may either mention Diehl et al. [manuscript in preparation, 2009] or refer to the AeroCom readme document (prepared by Diehl).

In GEOS-Chem v10-01 and newer versions, the ARCTAS ship emissions data files are read with the HEMCO emissions component. We have created ARCTAS ship data files (in COARDS-compliant netCDF format) for use with HEMCO. These new data files are contained in the HEMCO data directory tree. For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our Downloading the HEMCO data directories wiki post.

--Bob Yantosca (talk) 22:01, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

Corbett

Corbett is now superseded by CEDS in GEOS-Chem 12.1.0 and later versions.

For more information about this inventory please see: Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.

--Bob Yantosca (talk) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

ICOADS

ICOADS is now superseded by CEDS in GEOS-Chem 12.1.0 and later versions.

The ICOADS ship inventory was first introduced in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03. It contains the species NOx, CO, and SO2. Chulkyu Lee worked on implementing ICOADS into GEOS-Chem.

From Wang et al [2008]:

Ship activity patterns depicted by the International Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data set, and their combination demonstrate different spatial and statistical sampling biases. These differences could significantly affect the accuracy of ship emissions inventories and atmospheric modeling. We demonstrate (using ICOADS) a method to improve global-proxy representativeness by trimming over-reporting vessels that mitigates sampling bias, augment the sample data set, and account for ship heterogeneity. Apparent under-reporting to ICOADS and AMVER by ships near coastlines, perhaps engaged in coastwise (short sea) shipping especially in Europe, indicates that bottom-up regional inventories may be more representative locally. Primarily due to the long time series available publicly for ICOADS data, the improved ICOADS data set may be the most appropriate global ship traffic proxy identified to date to be used for a top-down approach. More generally, these three spatial proxies can be used together to perform uncertainty analyses of ship air-emissions impacts on a global scale (http://coast.cms.udel.edu/GlobalShipEmissions/).

--Bob Yantosca (talk) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

PARANOX ship plume model

An updated version of PARANOX was brought into GEOS-Chem v10-01 via the HEMCO emissions component.

PARANOX updates by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken (July 2014)

This post describes the original updates to PARANOX made by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken in July 2014. These updates have since been brought into GEOS-Chem as an extension to the HEMCO emissions component.

Chris Holmes wrote:

Geert and I have updated the ship plume emissions in GEOS-Chem. A paper based on the updated model is now accepted in ACP (see this link).
The updated features are as follows:
  1. Ship plume chemical aging now depends on wind speed, which directly affects the plume dispersion rates and indirectly affects the plume chemistry.
  2. The underlying Gaussian plume model now includes dry deposition.
  3. NO, NO2, and O3 are all emitted separately, consistent with removing the NOx and Ox families in GC v9-02.
  4. The look-up tables are now in netCDF format.
  5. CH4 oxidation in ship plumes is now diagnosed and written in the paranox_ts files. This is only a diagnostic and does not affect the model chemistry.
As with previous versions, PARANOX uses a look-up table derived from a Gaussian plume model to provide effective emission factors for NOx, O3, and HNO3 from ships. Both the Gaussian plume model and GEOS-Chem with the embedded look-up tables have been evaluated against observations (Holmes et al. 2014; Vinken et al., 2011). The emission factors are based on 8 environmental variables from the CTM: ambient concentrations of NOx and O3, solar zenith angle at emission time and 5 hours later, photolysis rates of NO2 and O3, temperature, and wind speed.

--Melissa Sulprizio 10:21, 18 June 2014 (EDT)

Re-implementation as a HEMCO extension

Christoph Keller and the GEOS-Chem Support Team have re-implemented the updated implementation of PARANOX described above as a HEMCO extension. A new HEMCO extension module (HEMCO/Extensions/hcox_paranox_mod.F90) has now replaced the original paranox_mod.F module.

New PARANOX lookup table files have been created in both COARDS-compliant netCDF format as well as in text format for use with HEMCO. These new data files are contained in the HEMCO data directory tree. For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our Downloading the HEMCO data directories wiki post.

--Bob Y. 13:23, 3 March 2015 (EST)

References

  1. AEROCOM readme document
  2. EMEP web page
  3. ICOADS web page
  4. Auvray, M., and I. Bey, Long-Range Transport to Europe: Seasonal Variations and Implications for the European Ozone Budget, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D11303, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005503, 2005.
  5. Chen, G., et al. An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S90, doi:10.1029/2004JD005236, 2005.
  6. Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.
  7. Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, J. van Aardenne, and A. Lauer, Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005619, 2005a.
  8. Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper, Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17306, doi:10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005b.
  9. Holmes, C. D., Prather, M. J., and Vinken, G. C. M., The climate impact of ship NOx emissions: an improved estimate accounting for plume chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6801-6812, doi:10.5194/acp-14-6801-2014, 2014. Link
  10. Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, Global emissions sources and sinks. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) The Climate System, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
  11. Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality insurance and trend analysis and presentation of Web-Dab, MSC-W Status Rep. 2002:, 101 pp., Norw. Meteorol. Inst., Oslo, Norway. PDF
  12. Vestreng, V., K. Mareckova, S. Kakareka, A. Malchykhina and T. Kukharchyk. Inventory Review 2007; Emission Data reported to LRTAP Convention and NEC Directive, MSC-W Technical Report 1/07, Norw. Meteorol. Inst., Oslo, Norway, 2007.
  13. Vinken, G. C. M, K. F. Boersma, D. J. Jacob, and E. W. Meijer, Accounting for non-linear chemistry of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11707-11722, 2011. Link
  14. Wang, C., J. J. Corbett, and J. Firestone, Improving Spatial representation of Global Ship Emissions Inventories, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (1), 193-199, 2008. Link

--Bob Y. 10:31, 1 December 2011 (EST)

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