Difference between revisions of "Ship emissions"

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== Overview ==
 
== Overview ==
  
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At present there are several different ship emissions options in GEOS-Chem.
+
At present there are several different ship emissions options in GEOS-Chem.  All of these are available for use via the [https://hemco.readthedocs.io Harmonized Emissions Component (HEMCO)].
  
−
;ARCTAS: The ARCTAS pre-mission ship SO2 emissions from David Streets. [''Eyring et al'', 2005a and 2005b]
+
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
−
;Corbett: Ship emissions inventory as described in ''Corbett et al'' [1999].
+
|-valign="top" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
−
;EDGAR: SO2 ship emissions from the EDGAR 3.2 FT2000 global inventory.
+
!Inventory
−
;EMEP: Ship emissions from the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme).
+
!Species included
−
;ICOADS: Emission inventory based on data from the nternational Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data sets [''Wang et al'', 2008].
+
!Year(s)
 +
!HEMCO Hierarchy
 +
!Notes
  
−
Starting with [[GEOS-Chem v8-01-04]], ship-emitted NOx is no longer emitted directly as NOx, but as the combination HNO3 + 10*O3, following ''Chen et al'' [2005].
+
|-valign="top"
 +
!colspan=5 bgcolor="CCFFFF"|Currently-used ship emission inventories
  
−
== ARCTAS ==
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]]
 +
|NO, CO, SOAP, SO2, SO4, pFe, NH3, BC, OC, CO2, CH4, EOH, C2H6, C3H8, ALK4, C2H4, PRPE, C2H2, BENZ, TOLU, XYLE, CH2O, ALD2, MEK, HCOOH
 +
|1950-2014
 +
|5
 +
|
 +
*CEDS is the default global ship emission inventory in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Now supersedes ARCTAS, ICOADS, and/or Corbett.
  
−
The ARCTAS pre-mission inventory of SO2 was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-01-04]].   
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[Anthropogenic_emissions#HTAP|HTAP]]
 +
|CO, SOAP, SO2
 +
|2008-2010
 +
|4
 +
|
 +
*Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file.   
 +
*HTAP is a research option but not a standard option.
  
−
The source code is contained in file <tt>arctas_ship_emiss_mod.f</tt>.
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|-valign="top"
 +
!colspan=5 bgcolor="CCFFFF"|Deprecated ship emission inventories
  
−
For more information about the data, please see the README file: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_1x1/ARCTAS_SHIP_2008/README GEOS_1x1/ARCTAS_SHIP_2008/README]
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[#ARCTAS|ARCTAS]]
 +
|SO2
 +
|2008
 +
|1
 +
|
 +
*Superseded by [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Can still be used as a research option.
  
−
'''''Philippe Le Sager wrote:'''''
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[#ICOADS|ICOADS]]
 +
|CO, SOAP, SO2
 +
|2002
 +
|2
 +
|
 +
*SO2 commented out
 +
*Superseded by [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Can still be used as a research option.
  
−
<blockquote>The ship emission is based on the work by ''Eyring et al.'', [2005a and 2005b], which estimates the total international ship emissions for 1985, 1990, 2001, and 2020 (projection). The ship emission for each individual year is interpreted based on the above years, and the spatial pattern (gridded) is mapped based on the EDGAR gridded ship emission for 2000 (total amount from EDGAR is scaled to Eyring-based number).</blockquote>
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[#Corbett|Corbett]]
 +
|SO2
 +
|1985
 +
|3
 +
|
 +
*Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file
 +
*Superseded by [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GC 12.1.0]] and later versions.
 +
*Can still be used as a research option.
  
−
<blockquote>If you want to reference the work on publication or website, you may either mention ''Diehl et al.'' [manuscript in preparation, 2009] or refer to the [http://www-lscedods.cea.fr/aerocom/AEROCOM_HC/readme_ship AeroCom readme document] (prepared by Diehl).</blockquote>
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[EDGAR_v4.3_anthropogenic_emissions|EDGAR]]
 +
|NO, CO, SO2
 +
|1970-2010
 +
|N/A
 +
|
 +
*Chi Li wrote: Aviation and shipping emissions are not included [in EDGAR v4.3], since it is hard to spatially assign the total emissions of international aviation and shipping in the time series data.
  
−
== Corbett ==
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|-valign="top"
 +
|[[EMEP_European_anthropogenic_emissions#EMEP_European_ship_emissions_inventory|EMEP]]
 +
|CO, SOAP, SO2
 +
|1990-2012
 +
|10
 +
|
 +
*Retired in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.5.0|GEOS-Chem 12.5.0]].
  
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For more information about this inventory please see: Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, ''Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''104'''(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.
+
|-valign="top"
 +
|[[EPA/NEI11_North_American_emissions|EPA/NEI2011]]
 +
|HNO2, CO, SOAP, NH3, CH2O, RCHO, MACR, ACET, C3H8, MEK, ALK4, PRPE, EOH, MOH, XYLE, TOLU, BENZ, SO2, SO4, pFe, C2H4, C2H6, ALD2, BC, OC
 +
|2006-2013
 +
|50
 +
|
 +
*<tt>NEI2011_SHIP_HOURLY</tt> and <tt>NEI2011_SHIP_MONTHLY</tt> are set to false by default
 +
*Katie Travis wrote, "The ship inventory for NEI11 only goes a few km from land, so it isn’t a complete ‘ship inventory’.  Maybe we just shouldn’t use it as a default."
  
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The Corbett et al data are read from disk by routine <tt>READ_SHIP_SO2</tt> in <tt>sulfate_mod.f</tt>.
+
|}
  
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For more information about the data files, please see the following README files:
+
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] ([[User talk:Melissa Payer|talk]]) 16:21, 18 June 2019 (UTC)<br>--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 21:52, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
  
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_0.5x0.666_CH/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_0.5x0.666_CH/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
== ARCTAS ==
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_0.5x0.666_NA/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_0.5x0.666_NA/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
<span style="color:red"><big><strong>ARCTAS is now superseded by  [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GEOS-Chem 12.1.0]] and later versions.</strong></big></span>
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_2x2.5/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
−
# [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_4x5/sulfate_sim_200508/README GEOS_4x5/sulfate_sim_200508/README]
+
  
−
== EDGAR ==
+
The ARCTAS pre-mission inventory of SO2 was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-01-04]]. 
  
−
Please see [[EDGAR anthropogenic emissions#Ship emissions|this wiki post on our EDGAR anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for more information about EDGAR inventories of ship exhaust.
+
'''''Philippe Le Sager wrote:'''''
  
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:29, 20 December 2012 (EST)
+
<blockquote>The ship emission is based on the work by ''Eyring et al.'', [2005a and 2005b], which estimates the total international ship emissions for 1985, 1990, 2001, and 2020 (projection). The ship emission for each individual year is interpreted based on the above years, and the spatial pattern (gridded) is mapped based on the EDGAR gridded ship emission for 2000 (total amount from EDGAR is scaled to Eyring-based number).</blockquote>
  
−
== EMEP ==
+
<blockquote>If you want to reference the work on publication or website, you may either mention ''Diehl et al.'' [manuscript in preparation, 2009] or refer to the [http://www-lscedods.cea.fr/aerocom/AEROCOM_HC/readme_ship AeroCom readme document] (prepared by Diehl).</blockquote>
  
−
For a complete discussion of EMEP ship emissions, please see the [[EMEP_European_anthropogenic_emissions#EMEP_European_ship_emissions_inventory|EMEP European ship emissions inventory]] post on our [[EMEP European anthropogenic emissions]] wiki page.
+
In [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] and newer versions, the ARCTAS ship emissions data files are read with the [[HEMCO|HEMCO emissions component]].  We have created [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php/Ship_emissions#ARCTAS ARCTAS ship data files] (in [[Preparing data files for use with HEMCO|COARDS-compliant netCDF format]]) for use with HEMCO.  These new data files are contained in the [[HEMCO data directories|HEMCO data directory tree]].  For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our [[HEMCO_data_directories#Downloading_the_HEMCO_data_directories|''Downloading the HEMCO data directories'' wiki post]].
  
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:03, 20 December 2012 (EST)
+
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 22:01, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
 +
 
 +
== Corbett ==
 +
<span style="color:red"><big><strong>Corbett is now superseded by  [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GEOS-Chem 12.1.0]] and later versions.</strong></big></span>
  
−
== ICOADS ==
+
For more information about this inventory please see: Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, ''Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''104'''(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.
  
−
The ICOADS ship inventory was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-03]].  It contains the species NOx, CO, and SO2. [mailto:cklee79@gmail.com Chulkyu Lee] worked on implementing ICOADS into GEOS-Chem. 
+
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
  
−
The source code is in file <tt>icoads_ship_mod.f</tt>.
+
== ICOADS ==
 +
<span style="color:red"><big><strong>ICOADS is now superseded by  [[CEDS_anthropogenic_emissions#Include_CEDS_ship_emissions|CEDS]] in [[GEOS-Chem 12#12.1.0|GEOS-Chem 12.1.0]] and later versions.</strong></big></span>
  
−
For more information about the data, see the README file: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_1x1/ICOADS_200907/README GEOS_1x1/ICOADS_200907/README]
+
The ICOADS ship inventory was first introduced in [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-03]].  It contains the species NOx, CO, and SO2. [mailto:cklee79@gmail.com Chulkyu Lee] worked on implementing ICOADS into GEOS-Chem. 
  
 
From [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0700799''Wang et al'' <nowiki>[2008]</nowiki>]:
 
From [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0700799''Wang et al'' <nowiki>[2008]</nowiki>]:
  
 
<blockquote>Ship activity patterns depicted by the International Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data set, and their combination demonstrate different spatial and statistical sampling biases. These differences could significantly affect the accuracy of ship emissions inventories and atmospheric modeling. We demonstrate (using ICOADS) a method to improve global-proxy representativeness by trimming over-reporting vessels that mitigates sampling bias, augment the sample data set, and account for ship heterogeneity. Apparent under-reporting to ICOADS and AMVER by ships near coastlines, perhaps engaged in coastwise (short sea) shipping especially in Europe, indicates that bottom-up regional inventories may be more representative locally. Primarily due to the long time series available publicly for ICOADS data, the improved ICOADS data set may be the most appropriate global ship traffic proxy identified to date to be used for a top-down approach. More generally, these three spatial proxies can be used together to perform uncertainty analyses of ship air-emissions impacts on a global scale (http://coast.cms.udel.edu/GlobalShipEmissions/).</blockquote>
 
<blockquote>Ship activity patterns depicted by the International Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data set, and their combination demonstrate different spatial and statistical sampling biases. These differences could significantly affect the accuracy of ship emissions inventories and atmospheric modeling. We demonstrate (using ICOADS) a method to improve global-proxy representativeness by trimming over-reporting vessels that mitigates sampling bias, augment the sample data set, and account for ship heterogeneity. Apparent under-reporting to ICOADS and AMVER by ships near coastlines, perhaps engaged in coastwise (short sea) shipping especially in Europe, indicates that bottom-up regional inventories may be more representative locally. Primarily due to the long time series available publicly for ICOADS data, the improved ICOADS data set may be the most appropriate global ship traffic proxy identified to date to be used for a top-down approach. More generally, these three spatial proxies can be used together to perform uncertainty analyses of ship air-emissions impacts on a global scale (http://coast.cms.udel.edu/GlobalShipEmissions/).</blockquote>
 +
 +
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)
  
 
== PARANOX ship plume model ==
 
== PARANOX ship plume model ==
  
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03f|v9-01-03f]] and approved on 17 Feb 2012.'''''
+
An updated version of PARANOX was brought into [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] via the [[HEMCO|HEMCO emissions component]].
−
'''''This update is included in Adjoint [[GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v35 | v35a]].'''''
+
  
−
'''''[mailto:g.c.m.vinken@tue.nl Geert Vinken] wrote:'''''
+
=== PARANOX updates by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken (July 2014) ===
  
−
:[At the] past GEOS-Chem user's meeting I had a [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/meetings/2011/pdf/Day1/MonF_Photo_vinken_geert_1_pc.pdf presentation about accounting for non-linear chemistry] of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem model.  I think my code is ready to be incorporated in the GEOS-Chem model.
+
This post describes the original updates to PARANOX made by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken in July 2014.  These updates have since been brought into GEOS-Chem as an [[#Re-implementation as a HEMCO extension|extension to the HEMCO emissions component]].
  
−
:I've attached [[Media:Vinken_Appendix_D.pdf|an Appendix]] from a report I wrote a year ago, which contains some more information about how the method is programmed. I'm aware that some routines might need to be moved to new files (e.g. the interpolation of the Look-Up-Table is now done in <tt>icoads_ship_mod.f</tt>).
+
'''''[[User:Chris_Holmes|Chris Holmes]] wrote:'''''
  
−
:The [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/11707/2011/acp-11-11707-2011.html reference for my work] has just been published.
+
:Geert and I have updated the ship plume emissions in GEOS-Chem. A paper based on the updated model is now accepted in ACP ([http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/6801/2014/acp-14-6801-2014.html see this link]).
 +
:The updated features are as follows:
 +
:#Ship plume chemical aging now depends on wind speed, which directly affects the plume dispersion rates and indirectly affects the plume chemistry.
 +
:#The underlying Gaussian plume model now includes dry deposition.
 +
:#NO, NO2, and O3 are all emitted separately, consistent with removing the NOx and Ox families in GC v9-02.
 +
:#The look-up tables are now in netCDF format.
 +
:#CH4 oxidation in ship plumes is now diagnosed and written in the <tt>paranox_ts</tt> files. This is only a diagnostic and does not affect the model chemistry.
  
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:27, 1 December 2011 (EST)
+
:As with previous versions, PARANOX uses a look-up table derived from a Gaussian plume model to provide effective emission factors for NOx, O3, and HNO3 from ships. Both the Gaussian plume model and GEOS-Chem with the embedded look-up tables have been evaluated against observations (Holmes et al. 2014; Vinken et al., 2011). The emission factors are based on 8 environmental variables from the CTM: ambient concentrations of NOx and O3, solar zenith angle at emission time and 5 hours later, photolysis rates of NO2 and O3, temperature, and wind speed.
 +
 
 +
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 10:21, 18 June 2014 (EDT)
 +
 
 +
=== Re-implementation as a HEMCO extension ===
 +
 
 +
[[User:Christoph Keller|Christoph Keller]] and the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]] have re-implemented [[#PARANOX updates by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken (July 2014)|the updated implementation of PARANOX described above]] as a HEMCO extension.  A new HEMCO extension module (<tt>HEMCO/Extensions/hcox_paranox_mod.F90</tt>) has now replaced the original <tt>paranox_mod.F</tt> module.
 +
 
 +
[http://ftp.as.harvard.edu/gcgrid/data/ExtData/HEMCO/PARANOX/v2015-02/README New PARANOX lookup table files] have been created in both [[Preparing data files for use with HEMCO|COARDS-compliant netCDF format]] as well as in text format for use with HEMCO.  These new data files are contained in the [[HEMCO data directories|HEMCO data directory tree]].  For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our [[HEMCO_data_directories#Downloading_the_HEMCO_data_directories|''Downloading the HEMCO data directories'' wiki post]].
 +
 
 +
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 13:23, 3 March 2015 (EST)
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
Line 88: Line 167:
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, J. van Aardenne, and A. Lauer, ''Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005619, 2005a.
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, J. van Aardenne, and A. Lauer, ''Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005619, 2005a.
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper, ''Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17306, doi:10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005b.
 
#Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper, ''Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D17306, doi:10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005b.
 +
#Holmes, C. D., Prather, M. J., and Vinken, G. C. M., ''The climate impact of ship NOx emissions: an improved estimate accounting for plume chemistry'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys.</u>, '''14''', 6801-6812, doi:10.5194/acp-14-6801-2014, 2014. [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/6801/2014/acp-14-6801-2014.html Link]
 
#Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, ''Global emissions sources and sinks''. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) <u>The Climate System</u>, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
 
#Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, ''Global emissions sources and sinks''. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) <u>The Climate System</u>, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
 
#Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), ''Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality insurance and trend analysis and presentation of Web-Dab, MSC-W Status Rep. 2002'':, 101 pp., <u>Norw. Meteorol. Inst.</u>, Oslo, Norway. [http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2002/mscw_note_1_2002.pdf PDF]
 
#Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), ''Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality insurance and trend analysis and presentation of Web-Dab, MSC-W Status Rep. 2002'':, 101 pp., <u>Norw. Meteorol. Inst.</u>, Oslo, Norway. [http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2002/mscw_note_1_2002.pdf PDF]
Line 95: Line 175:
  
 
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:31, 1 December 2011 (EST)
 
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:31, 1 December 2011 (EST)
−
 
−
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==
 
−
 
−
=== Minor fixes for EMEP ship emissions ===
 
−
 
−
Please see these posts about minor bug fixes for EMEP ship emissions in [[EMEP European anthropogenic emissions#Bug fix for EMEP ship emissions|GEOS-Chem v8-02-04]] and in [[EMEP European anthropogenic emissions#Fix for initialization of EMEP ship emissions|GEOS-Chem v8-03-01]].
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:08, 25 February 2010 (EST)
 
−
 
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=== Bug for ship emissions in emfossil.f ===
 
−
 
−
'''''NOTE: This fix has been incorporated into [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01]].'''''
 
−
 
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'''''[mailto:g.c.m.vinken@tue.nl Geert Vinken] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:'''Problem:''' The ship NOx emissions are as HNO3 and O3. These are stored in the EMISRR array when the other NOx emissions are determined. However, when later on the HNO3 and O3 emissions are determined these entries in the EMISRR arrays are overwritten. This way the ship HNO3 and O3 emissions are lost and consequently no ship emissions are present in the model!
 
−
 
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:'''Code problem:'''  In <tt>emissdr.f</tt> (line258) the fossil fuel emissions are called for all the emitted species.
 
−
 
−
    IF ( LANTHRO ) THEN
 
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      DO N = 1, NEMANTHRO
 
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          NN = IDEMS(N)
 
−
 
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          IF ( NN /= 0 ) THEN
 
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              CALL EMFOSSIL( I, J, N, NN, IREF, JREF, JSCEN )
 
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          ENDIF
 
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      ENDDO         
 
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    ENDIF
 
−
 
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:In <tt>emfossil.f</tt> the work array is initialized in line 525:
 
−
 
−
          ! Initialize work variables
 
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          EMX(:)  = 0d0
 
−
 
−
:And then in line 814 the EMISRR(I,J,N) array is overwritten with the work array:
 
−
 
−
          EMISRR(I,J,N) = EMX(1) * XNUMOL(NN) / DTSRCE
 
−
 
−
:Here the present HNO3 and O3 emissions from the NOx emissions are thus overwritten.
 
−
 
−
:'''Fix:''' I think the following should fix this, as the EMISRR array is zeroed in every call to <tt>emissdr.f</tt> this should give no problems:
 
−
 
−
            !--------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
            ! Store in EMISRR array and archive diagnostics
 
−
            !--------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
    !--- Prior to (gvinken, 11/16/10). Emissions already present in EMISRR
 
−
    !    no longer get overwritten.
 
−
    !        EMISRR(I,J,N) = EMX(1) * XNUMOL(NN) / DTSRCE
 
−
            EMISRR(I,J,N) = EMISRR(I,J,N) + EMX(1) * XNUMOL(NN) / DTSRCE
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:00, 16 November 2010 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Inconsistent mask file for EMEP ship emissions ===
 
−
 
−
Please see [[EMEP_European_anthropogenic_emissions#Inconsistent_mask_file_for_EMEP_ship_emissions|this wiki post on our EMEP emissions wiki page]] for a full description of the issue.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:21, 20 December 2012 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Potential bug in EDGAR ship emissions code ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02s|v9-01-02s]] and approved on 5 Nov 2011. (Included in Adjoint [[GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v34 | v34e]] ) '''''
 
−
 
−
Please see [[EDGAR_anthropogenic_emissions#Potential_bug_in_EDGAR_ship_emissions_code|this wiki post on our EDGAR anthropogenic emissions page]] for a full description of the issue.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:32, 20 December 2012 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Bug in ship NOx emissions ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02s|v9-01-02s]] and approved on 5 Nov 2011. (Included in Adjoint [[GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v34 | v34e]] ) '''''
 
−
 
−
'''''[mailto:cdholmes@uci.edu Chris Holmes] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:I found a bug in ship NOx emissions in [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02n|v9-01-02n]]. Ship NOx emissions are supposed to be emitted as (1 mol HNO3 + 10 mol O3) per mol NOx in the inventory. The code previously used molar masses incorrectly so that the ratios were actually 0.73 mol HNO3 and 9.5 mol O3. Thus, this bug fix will slightly increase O3 and HNO3 over the oceans. I have pasted the corrected code for <tt>emfossil.F</tt> below:
 
−
 
−
!---------------------------------------------------------------             
 
−
! Prior to cdh 10/20/2011, HNO3 and O3 emissions were incorrectly scaled
 
−
!    to ship NOx, due to molar masses being in the wrong place
 
−
!              ! Convert molec/cm2/s to kg/box/timestep to get same
 
−
!              ! units as EMISRN, ie default GEIA emiss (phs, 7/9/09)
 
−
!              SHIP = SHIP * ( DTSRCE * AREA_CM2 ) / XNUMOL(NN)
 
−
!       
 
−
!              ! Store as HNO3 and O3
 
−
!              EMISRR(I,J,IDEHNO3) = SHIP * XNUMOL(IDTHNO3) / DTSRCE
 
−
!              EMISRR(I,J,IDEOX)  = 10D0 * SHIP *
 
−
!    &                              XNUMOL(IDTOX) / DTSRCE
 
−
!             
 
−
!              ! ND36 = Anthro source diagnostic...store as [molec/cm2]
 
−
!              ! and convert to [molec/cm2/s] in DIAG3.F
 
−
!              IF ( ND36 > 0 ) THEN
 
−
!
 
−
!                  AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) = AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) + SHIP *
 
−
!    &                                XNUMOL(IDTHNO3) / AREA_CM2
 
−
!
 
−
!                  AD36(I,J,IDEOX) = AD36(I,J,IDEOX) + SHIP *
 
−
!    &                              10D0 * XNUMOL(IDTOX) / AREA_CM2
 
−
!                 
 
−
!              ENDIF
 
−
!---------------------------------------------------------------             
 
−
              ! Store as HNO3 and O3
 
−
              ! Convert molec/cm2/s to molec/box/s (cdh, 10/20/2011)
 
−
              EMISRR(I,J,IDEHNO3) = SHIP * AREA_CM2
 
−
              EMISRR(I,J,IDEOX)  = 10D0 * SHIP * AREA_CM2
 
−
             
 
−
              ! ND36 = Anthro source diagnostic...store as [molec/cm2]
 
−
              ! and convert to [molec/cm2/s] in DIAG3.F
 
−
              IF ( ND36 > 0 ) THEN
 
−
 
−
                  AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) = AD36(I,J,IDEHNO3) + SHIP * DTSRCE
 
−
 
−
                  AD36(I,J,IDEOX) = AD36(I,J,IDEOX) + 10D0 * SHIP *
 
−
    &                              DTSRCE
 
−
                 
 
−
              ENDIF
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 13:44, 21 October 2011 (EDT)
 
−
 
−
=== Duplicate ship emissions in Asia in Streets 2000 inventory ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03f|v9-01-03f]] and approved on 17 Feb 2012.'''''
 
−
 
−
Please see [[David_Streets_regional_emissions_for_China_and_SE_Asia#Duplicate_ship_emissions_in_Asia_in_Streets_2000_inventory|this wiki post on our David Streets regional emissions wiki page]] for a full description of the issue.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:24, 20 December 2012 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== NOx ship emissions restored to the ND32, ND36 diagnostics ===
 
−
 
−
In versions [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01|v9-01-01]] and [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-02|v9-01-02]], you may have noticed that ship NOx emissions seem to be lacking from the ND36 (<tt>ANTHSRCE</tt>) or ND32 (<tt>NOX-AN-$</tt>) diagnostics.  This is because the ship NOx emissions in these versions were partitioned into HNO3 + 10*Ox (in <tt>GeosCore/emfossil.F</tt>), and then saved into separate slots of the ND36 diagnostic:
 
−
 
−
              ! Store as HNO3 and O3
 
−
              ! Convert molec/cm2/s to molec/box/s (cdh, 10/20/2011)
 
−
              EMISRR(I,J,IDEHNO3) = SHIP * AREA_CM2
 
−
              EMISRR(I,J,IDEOX)  = 10D0 * SHIP * AREA_CM2
 
−
 
−
With the advent of the [[#PARANOX ship plume model|PARANOX plume model]] in [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-03]] and later versions, this has now been corrected.  The resultant ship emissions are now properly archived as NOx, O3, and HNO3 in the ND36 diagnostics.  Ship NOx is also saved into the ND32 diagnostic.  This is done in routine <tt>GeosCore/calcrate.F</tt>, where PARANOX is invoked:
 
−
 
−
              !===================================================
 
−
              ! Update diagnostics
 
−
              !===================================================
 
−
              !ND36 = Anthro source diagnostic...store as [molec/cm2]
 
−
              !and convert to [molec/cm2/s] in DIAG3.F
 
−
              IF ( ND36 > 0 ) THEN
 
−
 
−
                  AD36(IX,IY,IDEHNO3) = AD36(IX,IY,IDEHNO3) + SHIP *
 
−
    &                                  (1D0 - fraction_nox) *
 
−
    &                                  XNUMOL(IDTHNO3) / AREA_CM2
 
−
 
−
                  AD36(IX,IY,IDEOX)  = AD36(IX,IY,IDEOX) + SHIP *
 
−
    &                                int_ope * (1D0 - fraction_nox)*
 
−
    &                                XNUMOL(IDTOX) / AREA_CM2
 
−
   
 
−
                  AD36(IX,IY,IDENOX) = AD36(IX,IY,IDENOX) + SHIP *
 
−
    &                                fraction_nox *
 
−
    &                                XNUMOL(IDTNOX) / AREA_CM2
 
−
              ENDIF
 
−
 
−
              ! ND32 = save anthro NOx for levels L=1,NOXEXTENT [molec/cm2/s]
 
−
              IF ( ND32 > 0 ) THEN
 
−
                  AD32_an(IX,IY,IZ) = AD32_an(IX,IY,IZ) +
 
−
    &                ( SHIP * fraction_nox * XNUMOL(NN) /
 
−
    &                                ( DTSRCE * AREA_CM2 ) ) 
 
−
              ENDIF
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 16:12, 7 February 2013 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Bug in ship CO emissions ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-02_benchmark_history#v9-02l|v9-02l]] and approved on 26 Jun 2013.'''''
 
−
'''''This update is included in Adjoint [[GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v35 | v35a]].'''''
 
−
 
−
'''''[mailto:cdholmes@uci.edu Chris Holmes] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:When EMEP ship emissions are selected in input.geos the EMEP ship emissions inventory was previously overwriting all ship CO emissions globally. As a result, ship CO emissions were zero outside of the EMEP region (European waters). The solution is to only overwrite within the EMEP region. This bug has persisted at least since [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01|v9-01-01]].
 
−
 
−
To fix this bug, change the following code in <tt>emfossil.F</tt> from:
 
−
 
−
            IF ( LEMEPSHIP ) SHIP =
 
−
    $          GET_EMEP_ANTHRO( I, J, NN, SHIP=.TRUE.)
 
−
 
−
to:
 
−
 
−
            IF ( LEMEPSHIP ) THEN
 
−
           
 
−
              ! If we are over the European region ...
 
−
              ! (bug fix, now overwrite only EMEP region, cdh 1/2/2013)
 
−
              IF ( GET_EUROPE_MASK( I, J ) > 0d0 ) THEN
 
−
                  SHIP =  GET_EMEP_ANTHRO( I, J, NN, SHIP=.TRUE.)
 
−
              ENDIF
 
−
 
−
            ENDIF
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 14:19, 3 January 2013 (EST)
 
−
 
−
=== Bugs in ship emissions and non-local PBL mixing ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-02_benchmark_history#v9-02l|v9-02l]] and approved on 26 Jun 2013.'''''
 
−
'''''This update is included in Adjoint [[GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v35 | v35a]].'''''
 
−
 
−
'''''[mailto:cdholmes@uci.edu Chris Holmes] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:I have some bug fixes for ship NOx emissions which have some significant impacts on [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|HOx-NOx-O3 chemistry]]. In addition, I found an unresolved bug that affects all emissions, at least when using non-local PBL mixing.  [mailto:g.c.m.vinken@tue.nl Geert Vinken] and I have talked and I believe he concurs with my recommended changes.
 
−
 
−
:One proposal that I will make is that we should add global mass balance checks to the monthly benchmarks, in order to find and fix these kinds of bugs more quickly in the future. For example, the integrated emissions minus deposition and chemical loss over a 1-month run should equal the change in mass between the first and last restart files. This would help QA/QC during model development. Many, but not all, of the bugs below would have been caught by this kind of test.
 
−
 
−
:BUG FIXES
 
−
 
−
::*Ship NOx emissions with the ICOADS-AMVER inventory were 3.3 times too low, due to a NO2 vs. N molecular weight error. Emissions should be 5.0Tg(N)/yr. As a result, O3 and HNO3 concentrations were underestimated, especially over the N. Atlantic and N. Pacific. This bug has probably persisted in all model versions with ICOADS ship emissions.
 
−
::: '''''NOTE: Yanko Davila found that this bug fix may not be backwards compatible with [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01]] and earlier when ship emissions were handled in emfossil.F. Applying the bug fix in earlier versions may result in unreasonably high values of ozone over the shipping zones.'''''
 
−
::All remaining bugs afflict only [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-03|v9-01-03]] and later.
 
−
::*Some portion (probably 25%) of ship emissions were neglected in the model runs with non-local PBL mixing, due to ship emissions being in calcrate.F, not setemis.F. I moved the ship code to setemis.F and reordered the call to Fast-J in chemdr.F to accommodate this. (The Fast-J move alone has no impact.)
 
−
::*Molecular weights of NOx, HNO3, and O3 were all mixed up in ship plume code. Affects both simulation and diagnostics only [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-03|v9-01-03]], although there was a similar bug in v9-01-01 that we've already fixed in v9-01-02.
 
−
::*ND32 and ND36 diagnostics gave incorrect totals because ship NOx is calculated every convective time step, when using non-linear PBL mixing, rather than every emission time step. I created additional diagnostic counters in order to calculate the correct averages, regardless of the mixing scheme chosen.
 
−
 
−
:MINOR SCIENCE UPDATES
 
−
 
−
:These fixes enable the code to do what it was supposed to do, although they're more than simple bug fixes.
 
−
 
−
::*Net O3 loss in ship plumes (which occurs at night) is now treated as dry deposition, rather than set to zero. We calculate a dry deposition frequency that would give an equivalent O3 loss rate.
 
−
::*Ship plume NO2 should be included in Ox emissions (along with O3 production) when using the non-local PBL mixing. This is unnecessary when doing instant PBL mixing because then emissions occur with chemistry when there is no Ox family.
 
−
::*ND63 diagnostics are now averages of user-specified time intervals and reported in units of molec/cm2/s or unitless (mol/mol). This improves consistency with other diagnostics.
 
−
 
−
:REMAINING EMISSIONS BUG
 
−
 
−
::*With [[Boundary_layer_mixing#VDIFF|non-local PBL mixing]], there are *no emissions* during the first mixing and convection time step. Even worse, you can't tell this from the diagnostics, which show emissions as normal. This happens because some emission variables are not initialized until after chemistry runs, so setemis within vdiff_mod can't run. Emissions of all trace gases are affected, at least in v9-01-03. I don't know how long this error has persisted. Resolving this bug requires putting chemistry before PBL mixing in main. For fully decoupling emissions and chemistry code. I tested the reordering solution, but it causes 20% or greater changes in concentration of some species, so I leave this issue to the GCST. The emission and PBL mixing wiki pages should have a warning about this.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:57, 3 May 2013 (EDT)<br>
 
−
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:20, 22 August 2013 (EDT)
 
−
 
−
=== Bug in ND36 diagnostic when ship emissions are turned off ===
 
−
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-02_benchmark_history#v9-02o|v9-02o]] and approved on 03 Sep 2013.'''''
 
−
 
−
''''' [mailto:Yanko.Davila@colorado.edu Yanko Davila] wrote:'''''
 
−
 
−
:It seems there may be a small potential bug in the ND36 diagnostic in diag3.F.  Near lines 2435, the following:
 
−
 
−
            IF ( AD36_SHIP_COUNT >= 1 ) THEN
 
−
              ARRAY(:,:,1) = AD36(:,:,MM) / SECONDS +
 
−
    &              AD36_SHIP(:,:,MM) / REAL( AD36_SHIP_COUNT )
 
−
            ENDIF
 
−
 
−
:should be
 
−
 
−
            IF ( AD36_SHIP_COUNT >= 1 ) THEN
 
−
              ARRAY(:,:,1) = AD36(:,:,MM) / SECONDS +
 
−
    &              AD36_SHIP(:,:,MM) / REAL( AD36_SHIP_COUNT )
 
−
            ELSE
 
−
              ARRAY(:,:,1) = AD36(:,:,MM) / SECONDS
 
−
            ENDIF
 
−
 
−
:so that AD36 will have the correct units even if shipping emissions are turned off.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:36, 22 August 2013 (EDT)
 
−
 
−
== Outstanding issues not yet resolved ==
 
−
 
−
===  Only call PARANOX with the full-chemistry simulations ===
 
−
   
 
−
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-02_benchmark_history#v9-02r|v9-02r]] and approved on 14 Nov 2013.'''''
 
−
 
−
In routine <tt>DO_EMISSIONS</tt> (in module <tt>GeosCore/emissions_mod.F</tt>), the subroutine <tt>READ_PARANOX_LUT</tt> is called for fullchem, offline aerosol, tagged CO, and H2/HD simulations.  But PARANOX assumes that you have NO and O3 tracers defined.  Calling PARANOX from an offline simulation will result in a seg-fault error, caused by unallocated arrays.
 
−
 
 
−
The solution is to only call <tt>READ_PARANOX_LUT</tt> for the full-chemistry simulations and not from any of the offline simulations.
 
−
 
−
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:23, 14 November 2013 (EST)
 

Latest revision as of 16:08, 20 September 2022

This page describes the various ship emissions inventories that have been implemented in GEOS-Chem.

Overview

At present there are several different ship emissions options in GEOS-Chem. All of these are available for use via the Harmonized Emissions Component (HEMCO).

Inventory Species included Year(s) HEMCO Hierarchy Notes
Currently-used ship emission inventories
CEDS NO, CO, SOAP, SO2, SO4, pFe, NH3, BC, OC, CO2, CH4, EOH, C2H6, C3H8, ALK4, C2H4, PRPE, C2H2, BENZ, TOLU, XYLE, CH2O, ALD2, MEK, HCOOH 1950-2014 5
  • CEDS is the default global ship emission inventory in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Now supersedes ARCTAS, ICOADS, and/or Corbett.
HTAP CO, SOAP, SO2 2008-2010 4
  • Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file.
  • HTAP is a research option but not a standard option.
Deprecated ship emission inventories
ARCTAS SO2 2008 1
  • Superseded by CEDS in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Can still be used as a research option.
ICOADS CO, SOAP, SO2 2002 2
  • SO2 commented out
  • Superseded by CEDS in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Can still be used as a research option.
Corbett SO2 1985 3
  • Inventory commented out in HEMCO config file
  • Superseded by CEDS in GC 12.1.0 and later versions.
  • Can still be used as a research option.
EDGAR NO, CO, SO2 1970-2010 N/A
  • Chi Li wrote: Aviation and shipping emissions are not included [in EDGAR v4.3], since it is hard to spatially assign the total emissions of international aviation and shipping in the time series data.
EMEP CO, SOAP, SO2 1990-2012 10
EPA/NEI2011 HNO2, CO, SOAP, NH3, CH2O, RCHO, MACR, ACET, C3H8, MEK, ALK4, PRPE, EOH, MOH, XYLE, TOLU, BENZ, SO2, SO4, pFe, C2H4, C2H6, ALD2, BC, OC 2006-2013 50
  • NEI2011_SHIP_HOURLY and NEI2011_SHIP_MONTHLY are set to false by default
  • Katie Travis wrote, "The ship inventory for NEI11 only goes a few km from land, so it isn’t a complete ‘ship inventory’. Maybe we just shouldn’t use it as a default."

--Melissa Sulprizio (talk) 16:21, 18 June 2019 (UTC)
--Bob Yantosca (talk) 21:52, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

ARCTAS

ARCTAS is now superseded by CEDS in GEOS-Chem 12.1.0 and later versions.

The ARCTAS pre-mission inventory of SO2 was first introduced in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04.

Philippe Le Sager wrote:

The ship emission is based on the work by Eyring et al., [2005a and 2005b], which estimates the total international ship emissions for 1985, 1990, 2001, and 2020 (projection). The ship emission for each individual year is interpreted based on the above years, and the spatial pattern (gridded) is mapped based on the EDGAR gridded ship emission for 2000 (total amount from EDGAR is scaled to Eyring-based number).
If you want to reference the work on publication or website, you may either mention Diehl et al. [manuscript in preparation, 2009] or refer to the AeroCom readme document (prepared by Diehl).

In GEOS-Chem v10-01 and newer versions, the ARCTAS ship emissions data files are read with the HEMCO emissions component. We have created ARCTAS ship data files (in COARDS-compliant netCDF format) for use with HEMCO. These new data files are contained in the HEMCO data directory tree. For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our Downloading the HEMCO data directories wiki post.

--Bob Yantosca (talk) 22:01, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

Corbett

Corbett is now superseded by CEDS in GEOS-Chem 12.1.0 and later versions.

For more information about this inventory please see: Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.

--Bob Yantosca (talk) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

ICOADS

ICOADS is now superseded by CEDS in GEOS-Chem 12.1.0 and later versions.

The ICOADS ship inventory was first introduced in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03. It contains the species NOx, CO, and SO2. Chulkyu Lee worked on implementing ICOADS into GEOS-Chem.

From Wang et al [2008]:

Ship activity patterns depicted by the International Comprehensive Ocean−Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), the Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER) data set, and their combination demonstrate different spatial and statistical sampling biases. These differences could significantly affect the accuracy of ship emissions inventories and atmospheric modeling. We demonstrate (using ICOADS) a method to improve global-proxy representativeness by trimming over-reporting vessels that mitigates sampling bias, augment the sample data set, and account for ship heterogeneity. Apparent under-reporting to ICOADS and AMVER by ships near coastlines, perhaps engaged in coastwise (short sea) shipping especially in Europe, indicates that bottom-up regional inventories may be more representative locally. Primarily due to the long time series available publicly for ICOADS data, the improved ICOADS data set may be the most appropriate global ship traffic proxy identified to date to be used for a top-down approach. More generally, these three spatial proxies can be used together to perform uncertainty analyses of ship air-emissions impacts on a global scale (http://coast.cms.udel.edu/GlobalShipEmissions/).

--Bob Yantosca (talk) 22:02, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

PARANOX ship plume model

An updated version of PARANOX was brought into GEOS-Chem v10-01 via the HEMCO emissions component.

PARANOX updates by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken (July 2014)

This post describes the original updates to PARANOX made by Chris Holmes and Geert Vinken in July 2014. These updates have since been brought into GEOS-Chem as an extension to the HEMCO emissions component.

Chris Holmes wrote:

Geert and I have updated the ship plume emissions in GEOS-Chem. A paper based on the updated model is now accepted in ACP (see this link).
The updated features are as follows:
  1. Ship plume chemical aging now depends on wind speed, which directly affects the plume dispersion rates and indirectly affects the plume chemistry.
  2. The underlying Gaussian plume model now includes dry deposition.
  3. NO, NO2, and O3 are all emitted separately, consistent with removing the NOx and Ox families in GC v9-02.
  4. The look-up tables are now in netCDF format.
  5. CH4 oxidation in ship plumes is now diagnosed and written in the paranox_ts files. This is only a diagnostic and does not affect the model chemistry.
As with previous versions, PARANOX uses a look-up table derived from a Gaussian plume model to provide effective emission factors for NOx, O3, and HNO3 from ships. Both the Gaussian plume model and GEOS-Chem with the embedded look-up tables have been evaluated against observations (Holmes et al. 2014; Vinken et al., 2011). The emission factors are based on 8 environmental variables from the CTM: ambient concentrations of NOx and O3, solar zenith angle at emission time and 5 hours later, photolysis rates of NO2 and O3, temperature, and wind speed.

--Melissa Sulprizio 10:21, 18 June 2014 (EDT)

Re-implementation as a HEMCO extension

Christoph Keller and the GEOS-Chem Support Team have re-implemented the updated implementation of PARANOX described above as a HEMCO extension. A new HEMCO extension module (HEMCO/Extensions/hcox_paranox_mod.F90) has now replaced the original paranox_mod.F module.

New PARANOX lookup table files have been created in both COARDS-compliant netCDF format as well as in text format for use with HEMCO. These new data files are contained in the HEMCO data directory tree. For detailed instructions on how to download these data files to your disk server, please see our Downloading the HEMCO data directories wiki post.

--Bob Y. 13:23, 3 March 2015 (EST)

References

  1. AEROCOM readme document
  2. EMEP web page
  3. ICOADS web page
  4. Auvray, M., and I. Bey, Long-Range Transport to Europe: Seasonal Variations and Implications for the European Ozone Budget, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D11303, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005503, 2005.
  5. Chen, G., et al. An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S90, doi:10.1029/2004JD005236, 2005.
  6. Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis, Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D3), 3457–3470, 1999.
  7. Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, J. van Aardenne, and A. Lauer, Emissions from international shipping: 1. The last 50 years, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005619, 2005a.
  8. Eyring, V., H. W. Kšhler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper, Emissions from international shipping: 2. Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17306, doi:10.1029/2004JD005620, 2005b.
  9. Holmes, C. D., Prather, M. J., and Vinken, G. C. M., The climate impact of ship NOx emissions: an improved estimate accounting for plume chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6801-6812, doi:10.5194/acp-14-6801-2014, 2014. Link
  10. Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, Global emissions sources and sinks. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) The Climate System, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
  11. Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality insurance and trend analysis and presentation of Web-Dab, MSC-W Status Rep. 2002:, 101 pp., Norw. Meteorol. Inst., Oslo, Norway. PDF
  12. Vestreng, V., K. Mareckova, S. Kakareka, A. Malchykhina and T. Kukharchyk. Inventory Review 2007; Emission Data reported to LRTAP Convention and NEC Directive, MSC-W Technical Report 1/07, Norw. Meteorol. Inst., Oslo, Norway, 2007.
  13. Vinken, G. C. M, K. F. Boersma, D. J. Jacob, and E. W. Meijer, Accounting for non-linear chemistry of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11707-11722, 2011. Link
  14. Wang, C., J. J. Corbett, and J. Firestone, Improving Spatial representation of Global Ship Emissions Inventories, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (1), 193-199, 2008. Link

--Bob Y. 10:31, 1 December 2011 (EST)

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