Anthropogenic emissions

On this page we list information about the various anthropogenic emissions inventories available for use w/ GEOS-Chem v8-01-04. See here for an older version

GLOBAL ANNUAL SCALE FACTOR

The " => Scale to (1985-2005)" option in input.geos will scale all anthropogenic emissions to the year that you select, unless data for that year exists. If you enter a negative number (recommended), emissions will be automatically scaled to the closest-to-simulation year and/or the best base year is selected when several are available in one inventory (like EMEP). It is recommended to set this field to -1 or 2006 for simulations after 2005, so that all inventories are scaled to 2005, and STREETS 2006 is used in SE ASIA.

Here is a brief explanation from van Donkelaar et al., ACPD, 8, 4017-4057, 2008:

"We scale all regional and global inventories from their respective base year to 2003, the last year of available statistics, unless its base year is after 2003. Our approach follows Bey et al. (2001) and Park et al. (2004). Emissions are scaled according to estimates provided by individual countries, where available. These countries/regions include the United States, Canada, Japan and Europe. NOx emissions of remaining countries are scaled proportional to changes in total CO2 emissions. SOx emissions are similarly scaled to solid fuel CO2 emissions and CO emissions to liquid fuel CO2 emissions. CO2 emission data are obtained from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC).”

Note that the scale factor have been updated since that paper to go up to 2005, and are based on REAS data now for South East Asia:

Relative changes in the REAS inventory (Ohara et al., ACP, [2007], http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frsgc/research/d4/reas_h_a.html) over East Asia have been used. This should be a good improvement as REAS emissions are gridded, rather than national scale emissions, giving us much better spatial detail. Also, these scalars are now based on actual NOx, SOx and CO emission estimates, not strictly an assumed proportionality between total, solid and liquid CO2 emissions.

BRAVO

Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study Emissions Inventory for Mexico and some neighboring U.S. states.

Reference: Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study Emissions Inventory, H. Kuhns, M. Green, and V. Etyemezian, 2003.

(Click HERE to view a PDF file of this document.)

David Streets

Reference for Streets 2001, used to update under-estimated China CO in the Streets 2000: Streets, D.G, Q. Zhang, L. Wang, K. He, J. Hao, Y. Wu, Y. Tang, and G.C. Carmichael, "Revisiting China's CO emissions after the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations", J. Geophys. Res, 111, D14306, doi:10.1029/2006JD007118, 2006.

Streets 2000 inventory: Streets, D.G., T.C. Bond, G.R. Carmichael, S.D. Fernandes, Q. Fu, Z. Klimont, S.M. Nelson, N.Y. Tsai, M.Q. Wang, J-H. Woo, and K.F. Yarber, "An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000", J. Geophys. Res, 108, D21, doi:10.1029/2002JD003093, 2003.

Streets 2006 inventory INTEX-B, http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006; or http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/EMISSION_DATA_new/index_16.html

Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A., Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y., Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5131-5153, 2009.

EDGAR

Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory.

Reference: Olivier, J. G. J. and J. J. M. Berdowski (2001), Global emissions sources and sinks. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) "The Climate System", pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands.

A related document can be found here: EDGAR description (pdf)

Aaron van Donkelaar has created a PDF document that shows some of the effects of using the EDGAR emissions.

--Bmy 17:52, 2 May 2008 (EDT)

EMEP

The Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) inventory for Europe.

Reference: Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality assurance and trend analysis & Presentation of WebDab, MSC-W Status Report 2002, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo Norway, July 2002.

EPA/NEI99

23-Apr-2008

Modified NEI-99 emission files that incorporate the California transport fix and Rynda Hudman's recommended scalings for CO and NOx are posted here (click on epa_nei_mod). These are now available as ICARTT option in input.geos.

--Dbm 11:09, 24 April 2008 (EDT)

04-Jan-2008

The EPA/NEI99 anthropogenic emissions files have been reprocessed from scratch in order to fix the lack of emissions from the transport sector in California. This was a bug in the original EPA dataset.

The new files are located in the EPA_NEI_200708 directory. Only the anthropogenic files were reprocessed.

These new EPA/NEI99 anthropogenic emissions have not been implemented into the standard code yet. They are slated to be added shortly after v8-01-01, the next public release.

Here is the README file by Philippe Le Sager that describes the procedure.

MODIFICATION TO EPA-NEI99 emissions

10 Aug 2007

Philippe Le Sager

phs@io.as.harvard.edu

Filenames are the same as the previous NEI99 anthropogenic emissions files.

The new emissions have been updated to account for transport emissions in California, which were missing from the 1999 EPA inventory.

The monthly_average_2001_ai_mb.us36b.*.ncf files are anthropogenic emissions due to transport from 2001 inventory. They are 1x1 data set over USA. Details are in the netCDF attributes.

wk*_avg_an.1999*.geos.1x1 are the original anthropogenic emissions files used in GEOS-Chem (see original README hereafter).

Procedure to update the emissions includes

1. A mask was created to keep only the California transport emissions from the 2001 inventory.
2. The speciation of PARaffin, a 2001 category that is separated into C2H6, C3H8, ALK4+, and ACET in the 1999 inventory has been estimated from the original NEI99 inventory for consistency.
3. Data have been regridded to conform with GEOS-Chem 1x1 grid.
4. Units conversion (2001 inventory is in moles/s/box).
5. Once masked and separated into their corresponding 1999 species, the 2001 mobile emissions are added to the original NEI99 data.
6. Further regridding is done to get 4x5 and 2x2.5 data.
7. Finally, emissions are cut to get 1x1 North American grid data.

IDL routines to process 2001 emissions and add them to the original files can be found in ~phs/IDL/dvpt/EPA.

Results

• The following emissions in California are increased: NOx, CO, ALK4, PRPE, C3H8, C2H6, SO2, SO4, and NH3

01 Nov 2004

Here is the original README file by Rynda Hudman that describes the creation of the EPA/NEI99 emissions files (both anthropogenic and biofuel) that are stored in the EPA_NEI_200411 directory:

NEI99 Emission Inventory README (rch 11/1/04)

1. These files were created from NEI99 regridded emissions originally at .25X.25 resolution. These files can be found /data/epa_data. Please see README file in this directory for original file info.

The following emission types are included in the NEI99 inventory.

Anthropogenic

cow/

household_solvents/

power/

aircraft/

fertilizer/

industrial/

fowl/

industrial_solvents/

residential_fossil/

hogs/

other/

transport/

Biofuel

residential_biomass/

Not updated but available in inventory

biogenic/

biomass/

Procedures Document for Emission Inventory can be found in the group library

1. The files are large and as such were preprocessed into hourly files using extract_epa.pro of the format: e.g., temp_cow_average.1999jul.wkend_avg.24.gz. These files can be found at /data/epa_data/EPA_TEMP/
2. These files were then summed over a day, summed over each source type and converted into molec/cm2/s --> to get anthropogenic and biofuel emissions for each month and regridded to 1X1 using read_regrid_epa.pro.
3. These files were then scaled. All emissions were kept as is except for the following anthropogenice emissions (not biofuel)
   Propane(19), Ethane(21), and Acetone(9) are scaled by X6.4, X2.5, and X3 respectively to match prior emissions
   if tracerin(i) eq 19 then scalefactor = 6.4d0
   if tracerin(i) eq 21 then scalefactor = 2.5d0
   if tracerin(i) eq 9 then scalefactor = 3.0d0
   It is well-known that this inventory likely underestimates many VOCs.
   This scaling was done using scale_to_geos_anthro.pro and scale_to_geos_bf_new.pro
4. These emissions were then regridded using regrid_biofuel.pro and regrid_anthro.pro to create the files in 2X25 and 4X5
5. A mask over the U.S.(1=in U.S. and 0=not in U.S.) is used to implement these emissions since we do not have original global emission files. NEI99 is used in boxes exclusively U.S., those boxes which have Canadian and Mexican emissions are left as previous 1998 emissions.
6. NEI99 includes both weekend and weekday emissions and those are implemented here. Diurnal scaling is done as before in GEOS-CHEM.