Volcanic SO2 emissions
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On this page we describe the volcanic emissions inventories that are used by GEOS-Chem.
OMI-based volcanic emissions
Volcano emissions are obtained from NASA/GMAO. See the latest directory's README file in [1] for details on how these files were created.
The emission inventory is available as daily text (.rc) files in the format:
### LAT (-90,90), LON (-180,180), SULFUR [kg S/s], ELEVATION [m], CLOUD_COLUMN_HEIGHT [m] ### If elevation=cloud_column_height, emit in layer of elevation ### else, emit in top 1/3 of cloud_column_height volcano:: 50.170 6.850 3.587963e-03 600. 600. 45.780 2.970 3.587963e-03 1464. 1464. 42.170 2.530 3.587963e-03 893. 893. 38.870 -4.020 3.587963e-03 1117. 1117. ::
The text files can be read directly into HEMCO via the Volcano (formerly AeroCom_Volcano) extension. It can be activated in the HEMCO extension section:
117 Volcano : on SO2
--> Volcano_Source : AeroCom
--> Volcano_Table : $ROOT/VOLCANO/v2019-04/$YYYY/$MM/so2_volcanic_emissions_Carns.$YYYY$MM$DD.rc
The Volcano_Source option was added to specify OMI or AeroCom emissions. If OMI-based emissions are used then the closest available year will be used if the simulation year is outside of the available time period.
References for OMI volcano emissions
- Carn, S.A., K. Yang, A.J. Prata, and N.A. Krotkov, Extending the long-term record of volcanic SO2 emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Mapper, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 925-932, doi:10.1002/2014GL062437, 2015.
- Carn, S., Multi-Satellite Volcanic Sulfur Dioxide L4 Long-Term Global Database V3, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), Accessed: 28 Feb 2019, 10.5067/MEASURES/SO2/DATA404, 2019.
- Ge, C., J. Wang, S. Carn, K. Yang, P. Ginoux, and N. Krotkov, Satellite-based global volcanic SO2 emissions and sulfate direct radiative forcing during 2005-2012, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121(7), 3446-3464, doi:10.1002/2015JD023134, 2016. (PDF)