| Species name
|
Description
|
Source
|
Sink
|
Purpose
|
| Rn222
|
Radon-222 isotope
|
|
- Half-life of 3.83 days (Liu at al., 2001).
- Decays into Pb210 according to the exponential law:
- EXP( -ΔT * 2.097d-6 )
|
Used to evaluate convection over land and strat-trop exchange
|
| Pb210
|
Lead-210 isotope
|
- Radioactive decay from Rn222 according to the exponential law:
- EXP( -ΔT * 2.097d-6 )
- Where ΔT is the emission timestep in seconds.
|
- Half-life of 22.3 years (Liu et al., 2001).
- Decays according to the exponential law:
- EXP( -ΔT * 9.725d-10 )
- Wet deposition
- Dry deposition
|
Used to evaluate wet scavenging and transport
|
| Pb210s
|
Lead-210 isotope stratospheric-source tracer
|
Same as Pb210 (restricted to the stratosphere)
|
Same as Pb210
|
Used to evaluate strat-trop exchange
|
| Be7
|
Beryllium-7 isotope
|
- Produced by cosmic rays as described in Lal and B. Peters, 1967
- Plus the following modifications from Liu et al. (2001):
- Replace data at (0 hPa altitude, 70°S latitude) following Koch (1996):
- old value = 3000 disintegrations/g air/s
- new value = 1900 disintegrations/g air/s
- The original Lal & Peters data ended at 70°S
- Copy the data values at 70°S to 80°S and 90°S at all levels
|
- Half-life of 53.3 days (Liu et al., 2001).
- Decays according to the exponential law:
- EXP( -ΔT * 1.506d-7 )
- Wet deposition
- Dry deposition
|
Used to evaluate wet scavenging and strat-trop exchange
|
| Be7s
|
Beryllium-7 isotope stratospheric source tracer
|
Same as Be7 (restricted to the stratosphere)
|
Same as Be7
|
Used to evaluate strat-trop exchange
|
| Be10
|
Beryllium-10 isotope
|
- Be10 has an identical source distribution as Be7 following Koch and Rind (1998).
|
- Half-life of 5.84e8 days (Koch and Rind, 1998).
- Decays according to the exponential law:
- EXP( -ΔT * 1.506d-7 )
- Wet deposition
- Dry deposition
|
Used to evaluate wet scavenging and strat-trop exchange
|
| Be10s
|
Beryllium-10 isotope stratospheric source tracer
|
Same as Be10 (restricted to the stratosphere)
|
Same as Be10
|
Used to evaluate strat-trop exchange
|
| PassiveTracer
|
Passive tracer with initial concentration of 100 ppb
|
None
|
None
|
Used to evaluate mass conservation in transport
|
| SF6
|
Sulfur hexafluoride
|
Anthropogenic emissions from EDGAR v4.2
|
None
|
Used to evaluate inter-hemispheric transport of anthropogenic emissions
|
| CH3I
|
Methyl iodide
|
Emissions over the oceans of 1 molec/cm2/s
|
5-day e-folding lifetime
|
Used to evaluate marine convection
|
| CO_25
|
Anthropogenic CO 25-day tracer
|
Emissions from CEDS v2
|
25-day e-folding lifetime
|
|
| CO_50
|
Anthropogenic CO 50-day tracer
|
Emissions from CEDS v2
|
50-day e-folding lifetime
|
|
| e90
|
Constant burden 90-day tracer
|
Emitted globally at the surface such that the mixing ratio is maintained at 100 ppbv
|
90-day e-folding lifetime
|
|
| e90_n
|
Constant burden Northern Hemisphere 90-day tracer
|
Emitted at the surface such that the mixing ratio is maintained at 100 ppbv. Emissions source is restricted to 40N - 90N.
|
90-day e-folding lifetime
|
|
| e90_s
|
Constant burden Southern Hemisphere 90-day tracer
|
Emitted at the surface such that the mixing ratio is maintained at 100 ppbv. Emissions source is restricted to 90S - 40S.
|
90-day e-folding lifetime
|
|
| aoa
|
Age of air uniform source tracer
|
Increases by a value of 1 each emissions timestep
|
Sink at the surface
|
Used for evaluating residual circulation and mixing
|
| aoa_bl
|
Age of air uniform source tracer with sink restricted to the boundary layer
|
Increases by a value of 1 each emissions timestep
|
Sink in the boundary layer
|
Used for evaluating residual circulation and mixing
|
| aoa_nh
|
Age of air uniform source tracer with sink restricted to a zone in the Northern Hemisphere
|
Increases by a value of 1 each emissions timestep
|
Sink at 30N - 50N
|
Used for evaluating residual circulation and mixing
|
| nh_5
|
Northern Hemisphere 5-day tracer
|
Constant source of 100 ppbv at latitudes 30N - 50N
|
5-day e-folding lifetime
|
|
| nh_50
|
Northern Hemisphere 50-day tracer
|
Constant source of 100 ppbv at latitudes 30N - 50N
|
50-day e-folding lifetime
|
|
| st80_25
|
Stratospheric source 25-day tracer
|
Constant source of 200 ppbv above 80 hPa
|
25-day e-folding lifetime
|
Non-local PBL mixing
Capability to use the non-local PBL mixing scheme was added in GEOS-Chem v9-02. Code updates were provided by Jintai Lin.
Karen Yu evaluated the non-local PBL mixing scheme in the Rn-Pb-Be simulation using GEOS-5 and GEOS-FP met fields. Please see these plots comparing the simulation with and without the non-local PBL mixing scheme.
--Bob Yantosca (talk) 16:43, 8 January 2016 (UTC)
1-year benchmark simulations
Benchmark overview
1-year Rn-Pb-Be benchmark simulations are completed at the request of the Transport Working Group or whenever an update is introduced into the code that will impact transport and/or wet deposition. Each of these benchmarks involve a 4-year spinup period, followed by the 1-year run used for evaluation.
Benchmark plots
Budget of Pb210
In this table we plot the budgets of Pb210 obtained from 1-year benchmark simulations at 4° x 5° resolution done with various GEOS-Chem versions.
| Version
|
Met Field
|
Year
|
Tropospheric burden [g]
|
Tropospheric lifetime against deposition [days]
|
Sources [g day -1]
|
Sinks [g day-1]
|
| From Stratosphere
|
From Troposphere
|
Dry Deposition
|
Wet Deposition
|
Radioactive decay
|
| Total
|
Stratiform
|
Convective
|
12.8.0
(with Luo2019 wetdep)
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
105.1827
|
3.2461
|
0.2690
|
32.1142
|
2.3068
|
30.0303
|
25.4236
|
4.6067
|
0.0088608
|
| 12.8.0
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
211.6465
|
6.5363
|
0.2690
|
32.1142
|
3.9521
|
28.4142
|
19.9437
|
8.4705
|
0.0178018
|
| 12.2.0
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
218.330
|
6.71344
|
0.236801
|
32.2602
|
3.95678
|
28.5218
|
20.0439
|
8.47787
|
0.0183735
|
| v11-02e
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
217.941
|
6.71192
|
0.224000
|
32.2206
|
3.94971
|
28.4770
|
20.0147
|
8.46232
|
0.0183407
|
| v11-02e
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2013
|
229.338
|
7.10583
|
0.219856
|
32.0661
|
3.90212
|
28.3646
|
19.9166
|
8.44793
|
0.0192987
|
| v11-02e
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
229.338
|
7.10583
|
0.219864
|
32.0661
|
3.90212
|
28.3646
|
19.9166
|
8.44793
|
0.0192987
|
| v11-02b
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
229.061
|
7.09725
|
0.219669
|
32.0661
|
3.93661
|
28.3299
|
19.8931
|
8.43679
|
0.0192754
|
| v11-01i
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
229.335
|
7.10581
|
0.219894
|
32.0656
|
3.90206
|
28.3642
|
19.9163
|
8.44786
|
0.0192984
|
| v11-01h
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
205.551
|
6.37603
|
0.200768
|
32.0656
|
3.32588
|
28.9232
|
22.2968
|
6.62642
|
0.0173020
|
| v11-01f
|
MERRA-2
|
2013
|
199.426
|
6.20202
|
0.237400
|
31.9437
|
3.26365
|
28.9007
|
21.7525
|
7.14814
|
0.0167875
|
| v11-01f
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
204.931
|
6.37746
|
0.225323
|
31.9356
|
3.32210
|
28.8216
|
22.2060
|
6.61553
|
0.0172499
|
| v11-01d
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
210.371
|
6.54296
|
0.225956
|
31.9538
|
3.41587
|
28.7451
|
21.9070
|
6.83813
|
0.0177696
|
| v11-01b
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
212.655
|
6.60214
|
0.228550
|
31.9528
|
3.49478
|
28.6686
|
22.0420
|
6.62657
|
0.0179612
|
| v10-01
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
250.912
|
7.77516
|
0.0832825
|
32.2152
|
3.51910
|
28.7582
|
22.0207
|
6.73749
|
0.0211769
|
| v9-02r
|
GEOS-FP
|
2012/2013
|
247.630
|
7.71356
|
0.143133
|
31.9904
|
3.15887
|
28.9538
|
22.5351
|
6.41867
|
0.0208565
|
| v9-02r
|
GEOS-5
|
2012/2013
|
305.699
|
9.25835
|
0.419521
|
32.6109
|
3.42747
|
29.5772
|
20.2059
|
9.37127
|
0.0257354
|
| v9-01-03e
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
314.790
|
9.51050
|
0.128670
|
32.9831
|
3.48612
|
29.5991
|
20.8285
|
8.77061
|
0.0265495
|
| v9-01-02
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
317.884
|
9.60957
|
0.121441
|
32.9831
|
3.49208
|
29.5857
|
19.5148
|
10.0709
|
0.0268078
|
| v9-01-01
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
316.253
|
9.55568
|
0.129852
|
32.9831
|
3.66397
|
29.4223
|
19.4090
|
10.0134
|
0.0251665
|
| v8-03-02
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
298.318
|
9.01288
|
0.129642
|
32.9831
|
3.21013
|
29.8775
|
21.3283
|
8.54923
|
0.0266710
|
NOTES:
- Bolded text denotes change in meteorology product and/or meteorology year.
- The simulations that utilized GEOS-5 met fields were done for year 2005, with a 4-year spinup. (Computed by Hongyu Liu)
- The benchmark simulations for v9-02r were done for June 2012–May 2013, with a 2-month spinup. This was due to data availability of the GEOS-FP met fields at the time of the simulation. (Completed by Karen Yu)
- The simulations for GEOS-Chem v10-01 and later versions utilized GEOS-FP met fields for the year 2013, with a 4-year spinup. The results reported here are for simulations using the non-local PBL mixing (VDIFF) scheme. (Completed by the GEOS-Chem Support Team)
- The simulations for GEOS-Chem 12.2.0 and later versions utilized GEOS-FP met fields for the year 2016, with a 10-year spinup. The results reported here are for simulations using the non-local PBL mixing (VDIFF) scheme. (Completed by the GEOS-Chem Support Team)
- Hongyu Liu and Bo Zhang are investigating the low Pb tropospheric lifetime against deposition observed in v11-01b using GEOS-FP. A quick fix was tested in v11-01d, but subsequently removed because of the high impact on aerosols. For more information, see this discussion on the Wet deposition wiki page.
Budget of Be7
In this table we plot the budgets of Be7 obtained from 1-year benchmark simulations at 4° x 5° resolution done with various GEOS-Chem versions.
| Version
|
Met Field
|
Year
|
Tropospheric burden [g]
|
Tropospheric lifetime against deposition [days]
|
Sources [g day -1]
|
Sinks [g day-1]
|
| From Stratosphere
|
From Troposphere
|
Dry Deposition
|
Wet Deposition
|
Radioactive decay
|
| Total
|
Stratiform
|
Convective
|
12.8.0
(with Luo2019 wetdep)
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
1.1882
|
9.5228
|
0.2882
|
0.1149
|
0.0052
|
0.1188
|
0.1029
|
0.0159
|
0.0154770
|
| 12.8.0
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
2.8927
|
20.5842
|
0.2882
|
0.1149
|
0.0095
|
0.1305
|
0.1047
|
0.0258
|
0.0376572
|
| 12.2.0
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
3.55540
|
24.5959
|
0.0541444
|
0.136303
|
0.00952537
|
0.134645
|
0.108871
|
0.0257736
|
0.0462768
|
| v11-02e
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2016
|
3.56036
|
24.6000
|
0.0543652
|
0.136303
|
0.00955045
|
0.134776
|
0.108970
|
0.0258063
|
0.0463413
|
| v11-02e
|
GEOS-FP (72L)
|
2013
|
3.50286
|
24.9516
|
0.0529614
|
0.132687
|
0.0102709
|
0.129784
|
0.103733
|
0.0260514
|
0.0455928
|
| v11-02e
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.51047
|
24.9816
|
0.0531919
|
0.132687
|
0.0102796
|
0.129907
|
0.103831
|
0.0260759
|
0.0456918
|
| v11-02b
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.51002
|
24.9773
|
0.0531920
|
0.132688
|
0.0103364
|
0.129856
|
0.103796
|
0.0260605
|
0.0456861
|
| v11-01i
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.51044
|
24.9815
|
0.0531920
|
0.132685
|
0.0102795
|
0.129907
|
0.103831
|
0.0260760
|
0.0456914
|
| v11-01h
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.27337
|
22.7988
|
0.0531059
|
0.132685
|
0.00626941
|
0.136914
|
0.124153
|
0.0127610
|
0.0426082
|
| v11-01f
|
MERRA-2
|
2013
|
3.12435
|
21.2728
|
0.0538848
|
0.133202
|
0.00650753
|
0.139910
|
0.124784
|
0.0151255
|
0.0406699
|
| v11-01f
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.27720
|
22.8066
|
0.0531204
|
0.132842
|
0.00628201
|
0.137021
|
0.124239
|
0.0127822
|
0.0426591
|
| v11-01d
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.32564
|
23.2523
|
0.0530363
|
0.132914
|
0.00664940
|
0.135989
|
0.122347
|
0.0136424
|
0.0433123
|
| v11-01b
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.33530
|
23.3408
|
0.0530463
|
0.132914
|
0.00698390
|
0.135539
|
0.1228950
|
0.0126441
|
0.0434378
|
| v10-01
|
GEOS-FP
|
2013
|
3.98942
|
30.1194
|
0.0512072
|
0.132977
|
0.00794288
|
0.124298
|
0.1101450
|
0.0141529
|
0.0519433
|
| v9-02r
|
GEOS-FP
|
2012/2013
|
3.41039
|
25.9787
|
0.0630964
|
0.112349
|
0.00782526
|
0.123206
|
0.1093560
|
0.0138500
|
0.0444134
|
| v9-02r
|
GEOS-5
|
2012/2013
|
3.49564
|
27.5376
|
0.0674867
|
0.104750
|
0.00881422
|
0.117906
|
0.0844566
|
0.0334494
|
0.0455165
|
| v9-01-03e
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
4.37787
|
34.6750
|
0.0504472
|
0.132552
|
0.00882144
|
0.117156
|
0.0858211
|
0.0393817
|
0.0570217
|
| v9-01-02
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
4.39653
|
34.8814
|
0.0504253
|
0.132552
|
0.00936374
|
0.116350
|
0.0769681
|
0.0393817
|
0.0572633
|
| v9-01-01
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
4.39407
|
34.8514
|
0.0504328
|
0.132552
|
0.00969345
|
0.116060
|
0.0767926
|
0.0392671
|
0.0572312
|
| v8-03-02
|
GEOS-5
|
2005
|
4.31961
|
33.9930
|
0.0504585
|
0.132552
|
0.00808056
|
0.118666
|
0.0846774
|
0.0339885
|
0.0562636
|
NOTES:
- Bolded text denotes change in meteorology product and/or meteorology year.
- The simulations that utilized GEOS-5 met fields were done for year 2005, with a 4-year spinup. (Computed by Hongyu Liu)
- The benchmark simulations for v9-02r were done for June 2012–May 2013, with a 2-month spinup. This was due to data availability of the GEOS-FP met fields at the time of the simulation. (Completed by Karen Yu)
- The simulations for GEOS-Chem v10-01 and later versions utilized GEOS-FP met fields for the year 2013, with a 4-year spinup. The results reported here are for simulations using the non-local PBL mixing (VDIFF) scheme. (Completed by the GEOS-Chem Support Team)
- The simulations for GEOS-Chem 12.2.0 and later versions utilized GEOS-FP met fields for the year 2016, with a 10-year spinup. The results reported here are for simulations using the non-local PBL mixing (VDIFF) scheme. (Completed by the GEOS-Chem Support Team)
References
- Liu, H., D. Jacob, I. Bey, and R.M. Yantosca, Constraints from 210Pb and 7Be on wet deposition and transport in a global three-dimensional chemical tracer model driven by assimilated meteorological fields, J. Geophys. Res, 106, D11, 12109-12128, 2001.
- Jacob et al., Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using 222Rn and other short-lived tracers, J. Geophys. Res, 102, 5953-5970, 1997.
- Koch, D.M., D.J. Jacob, and W.C. Graustein, Vertical transport of tropospheric aerosols as indicated by 7Be and 210Pb in a chemical tracer model, J. Geophys. Res, 101, D13, 18651-18666, 1996.
- Koch, D., and D. Rind, Beryllium 10/beryllium 7 as a tracer of stratospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 103, D4, 3907-3917, 1998.
- Lal, D., and B. Peters, Cosmic ray produced radioactivity on the Earth. Handbuch der Physik, 46/2, 551-612, edited by K. Sitte, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1967.
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