TransportTracers simulation

This page contains information about the Radon-Lead-Beryllium simulation in GEOS-Chem.

Overview

The Rn-Pb-Be simulation in GEOS-Chem was based on that of the old Harvard/GISS CTM model. The current simulation follows Liu et al [2001].

The standard Rn-Pb-Be simulation uses the following tracers:

1. Rn²²², which is emitted naturally from soils
2. Pb²¹⁰, which is the primary decay product of Rn²²²
3. Be⁷, which is produced by cosmic rays in the stratosphere and upper atmosphere

This simulation is most frequently used to validate the convection and advection processes in GEOS-Chem.

Note: The current version of the Rn-Pb-Be simulation (v9-01-02) is not compatible with non-local PBL mixing. You must use the TURBDAY PBL mixing scheme. (Helen Amos, 21 Nov 2011 9:02 PM EST)

Sources

The source of #Rn²²² is determined as follows (cf. Jacob et al [1997]):

1. Rn²²² emission poleward of 70 degrees = 0.0 [atoms/cm2/s]
2. For latitudes 70S-60S and 60N-70N (both land & ocean), Rn²²² emission = 0.005 [atoms/cm2/s]
3. For latitudes between 60S and 60N:
   • Rn²²² over land = 1 [atoms/cm2/s] over land
   • Rn²²² over land = 0.005 [atoms/cm2/s] over oceans
4. Where the surface temperature is below 0° C, reduce Rn²²² emissions by a factor of 3.

The source of Be⁷ is taken from Lal and Peters [1967].

Sinks

Rn²²² decays into Pb²¹⁰ according to the exponential law: EXP( -ΔT * 2.097d-6 )

Pb²¹⁰ decays according to the exponential law: EXP( -ΔT * 9.725d-10 )

Be⁷ decays according to the exponential law: EXP( -ΔT * 1.506d-7 )

where -ΔT is the emission timestep in seconds.

Non-local PBL mixing

GEOS-Chem v9-02

Capability to use the non-local PBL mixing scheme will be added in GEOS-Chem v9-02. Code updates were provided by Jintai Lin.

Karen Yu evaluated the non-local PBL mixing scheme in the Rn-Pb-Be simulation using GEOS-5 and GEOS-5.7.2 met fields. Please see these plots comparing the simulation with and without the non-local PBL mixing scheme.

GEOS-Chem v9-01-03 and earlier

Helen Amos discovered that the Rn-Pb-Be simulation was not compatible with non-local PBL mixing. In GEOS-Chem v9-01-03 and earlier, You must use the TURBDAY PBL mixing scheme. In the Chemistry Menu of input.geos:

Turn on PBL Mixing?     : T
 => Use non-local PBL?  : F

--Melissa Sulprizio 17:56, 5 August 2013 (EDT)

Validation

The information was computed from recent 1-year Rn-Pb-Be benchmark simulations.

GEOS-5 vs. MERRA

As demonstrated by Liu et al. (2001), the Rn-Pb-Be simulation is a valuable tool for testing aerosol wet scavenging in the model. Here the Rn-Pb-Be simulation is used to benchmark the differences between several configurations for the current implementation of aerosol wet scavenging in v9-01-02.

Helen Amos ran 4 different 1-year Rn-Pb-Be simulations to look at how Pb²¹⁰ wet deposition is affected by GEOS-5 and MERRA meteorology:

Run 1: GEOS-5 std

Simulation with the standard GEOS-Chem v9-01-02 code, using with GEOS-5 met fields

Run 2: MERRA std

Simulation with the standard GEOS-Chem v9-01-02 code, using with MERRA met fields. This simulation is intended to give the user a sense of the differences to expect between using MERRA and GEOS-5 meteorological fields.

Run 3: MERRA met GEOS-5 wet dep

This simulation was run using GEOS-Chem v9-01-02 with MERRA meteorological fields and the GEOS-5 wet deposition algorithms (in wetscav_mod.F and convection_mod.F). Additional fields were archived for MERRA that were not archived for GEOS-5. These additional fields for MERRA were used to update the wet scavenging algorithms (e.g. precipitation production in MAKE_QQ) in v9-01-01. This simulation is intended to discriminate between the effects of (a) meteorological fields and (b) changes made to the wet deposition algorithms for MERRA.

Run 4: GEOS-5 w/ Wang et al. (2011) aerosol washout

This simulation was run using v9-01-02 with GEOS-5 fields and aerosol washout updated according to Wang et al. (2011, ACPD). This simulation is intended as a preview for what to expect when the Wang et al. (2011) updates go into the standard code in v9-01-03.

All simulations were performed using GEOS-Chem v9-01-02 at 4° x 5° resolution for the year 2009.

Comparison plots

Helen Amos also prepared the following comparison plots from these simulations. All results shown are for GEOS-Chem v9-01-02 at 4° x 5° resolution for the year 2009. Monthly averages for January and July plotted separately.

Comparison
GEOS-5 standard simulation (Run 1) vs. MERRA standard simulation (Run 2)	January	July
GEOS-5 standard simulation (Run 1) vs. MERRA simulation w/ GEOS-5 wetdep algorithms (Run 3)	January	July
GEOS-5 standard simulation (Run 1) vs. GEOS-5 simulation w/ Wang et al (2011) aerosol washout (Run 4)	January	July

--Bob Y. 13:37, 29 November 2011 (EST)

Comparison budgets

Helen Amos also prepared the budgets from each of her 4 simulations. These are compared to the original Rn-Pb-Be simulation as described in Liu et al (2001).

Quantity	Liu et al (2001)	(Run 1) v9-01-02 GEOS-5 std	(Run 2) v9-01-02 MERRA std	(Run 3) v9-01-02 MERRA met GEOS-5 wetdep	(Run 4) v9-01-02 GEOS-5 met w/ Wang aerosol washout**
Burden (g)	299	324.42	299.74	334.35	339.11
Residence time (days)	9	9.80	9.05	9.93	10.26
Sources (g day-1)
Strat + Trop	34	33.11	33.13	33.68	33.11
Sinks (g day-1)
Dry Deposition	3.8	3.37	3.37	3.37	3.68
Wet Deposition
Stratiform	21	18.57	19.22	18.93	17.17
Convective	9.6	11.14	10.54	11.37	12.21
Radioactive decay	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.03

--Bob Y. 13:57, 29 November 2011 (EST)

--Helen Amos 17:56, 12 September 2012 (EST), the labels for "convective" and "stratiform" were switched. Error corrected now. Thanks to Patrick Kim for pointing it out!

**Note: In Run 4, a condensed water content value of 1.5d-6 cm³ H20/cm³ air was used in the calculation of F' in wetscav_mod.F. Qiaoqiao Wang updated this value to 1.0d-6 cm³ H20/cm³ as described in Wang et al. [2011]. The use of 1.0d-6 increases the fraction of precipitating area, resulting in a slightly shorter lifetime of Pb210, as seen in the budget of Pb210 from the 1-year Rn-Pb-Be benchmark simulation for v9-01-03e.

--Melissa Payer 17:34, 24 January 2012 (EST)

Budget of Pb210 from 1-year benchmark simulations

In this table we plot the budgets of Pb²¹⁰ obtained from 1-year benchmark simulations done with various GEOS-Chem versions. The simulations were done for year 2005, with a 4-year spinup. (Computed by Hongyu Liu)

Quantity	v8-03-02 w/ GEOS-5	v9-01-01 w/ GEOS-5	v9-01-02 w/ GEOS-5	v9-01-03e w/ GEOS-5
Burden (g)	298.318	316.253	317.884	314.790
Residence time (days)	9.01288	9.55568	9.60957	9.51050
Sources (g day-1)
from Stratosphere	0.129642	0.129852	0.121441	0.128670
within Troposphere	32.9831	32.9831	32.9831	32.9831
Sinks (g day-1)
Dry Deposition	3.21013	3.66397	3.49208	3.48612
Wet Deposition	29.8775	29.4223	29.5857	29.5991
Stratiform	21.3283	19.4090	19.5148	20.8285
Convective	8.54923	10.0134	10.0709	8.77061
Radioactive decay	0.0266710	0.0251665	0.0268078	0.0265495

--Bob Y. 13:49, 28 November 2011 (EST)
--Melissa Payer 10:19, 19 January 2012 (EST)

Budget of Be7 from 1-year benchmark simulations

In this table we plot the budgets of Be⁷ obtained from 1-year benchmark simulations done with various GEOS-Chem versions. The simulations were done for year 2005, with a 4-year spinup. (Computed by Hongyu Liu)

Quantity	v8-03-02 w/ GEOS-5	v9-01-01 w/ GEOS-5	v9-01-02 w/ GEOS-5	v9-01-03e w/ GEOS-5
Burden (g)	4.31961	4.39407	4.39653	4.37787
Residence time (days)	33.9930	34.8514	34.8814	34.6750
Sources (g day-1)
from Stratosphere	0.0504585	0.0504328	0.0504253	0.0504472
within Troposphere	0.132552	0.132552	0.132552	0.132552
Sinks (g day-1)
Dry Deposition	0.00808056	0.00969345	0.00936374	0.00882144
Wet Deposition	0.118666	0.116060	0.116350	0.117156
Stratiform	0.0846774	0.0767926	0.0769681	0.0858211
Convective	0.0339885	0.0392671	0.0393817	0.0313346
Radioactive decay	0.0562636	0.0572312	0.0572633	0.0570217

--Bob Y. 13:58, 28 November 2011 (EST)
--Melissa Payer 10:19, 19 January 2012 (EST)

References

1. Liu, H., D. Jacob, I. Bey, and R.M. Yantosca, Constraints from 210Pb and 7Be on wet deposition and transport in a global three-dimensional chemical tracer model driven by assimilated meteorological fields, J. Geophys. Res, 106, D11, 12,109-12,128, 2001.
2. Jacob et al., Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using Rn-222 and other short-lived tracers, J. Geophys. Res, 102, 5953-5970, 1997.
3. Koch, D. J. Geophys. Res, 101, D13, 18651, 1996.
4. Lal, D., and B. Peters, Cosmic ray produced radioactivity on the Earth. Handbuch der Physik, 46/2, 551-612, edited by K. Sitte, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1967.

Previous issues that are now resolved

Incorrect Rn values caused by bug in convection_mod.f

The bug in convection_mod.f described here can cause incorrect values of Rn in GEOS-Chem v8-03-01 and prior versions. This was fixed in GEOS-Chem v8-03-02.

--Bob Y. 16:17, 19 May 2011 (EDT)

Bug for ND44 diagnostic in diag3.f

NOTE: This bug was issued as a post-release patch ("v9-01-01-Patch-diags") in GEOS-Chem v9-01-01 and was approved on 07 Jun 2011.

In the ND44 diagnostic section of diag3.f, the following lines are present twice (once for drydep fluxes and again for drydep velocities). This is a special-case for some tracers in the Caltech isoprene scheme:

              ! Special case for tracers with several dry dep. tracers
              ! E.g. ISOPN: ISOPND and ISOPNB.
              ! We handle both tracers at the same time so we need to 
              ! skip the second tracer. (ccc, 2/3/10)
              !IF ( MMB /= NN ) CYCLE
              IF ( MMB /= NN                .OR.
    &              DEPNAME( N ) == 'ISOPNB' .OR.
    &              DEPNAME( N ) == 'MVKN'       ) CYCLE

However, these lines will cause the drydep fluxes and velocities for Be7 to be skipped. The fix is to bracket these lines with an IF statement so that they will only execute for a full-chemistry simulation:

           IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN
              ! Special case for tracers with several dry dep. tracers
              ! E.g. ISOPN: ISOPND and ISOPNB.
              ! We handle both tracers at the same time so we need to 
              ! skip the second tracer. (ccc, 2/3/10)
              !IF ( MMB /= NN ) CYCLE
              IF ( MMB /= NN                .OR.
    &              DEPNAME( N ) == 'ISOPNB' .OR.
    &              DEPNAME( N ) == 'MVKN'       ) CYCLE
           ENDIF

--Bob Y. 11:57, 7 July 2011 (EDT)

Out-of-bounds errors in ND01, ND02 diagnostics

This issue was fixed in GEOS-Chem v9-01-02, just prior to its release.

In RnPbBe_mod.F, the ND01 (Source of Rn, Pb, Be) and ND02 (Decay of Rn, Pb, Be) diagnostics had array-out-of-bounds errors if you requested less than 47 levels.

For example, if you specified these settings in your input.geos file (assuming a GEOS-5 or MERRA simulation w/ 47 levels):

ND01: Rn/Pb/Be source   : 47   all
ND02: Rn/Pb/Be decay    : 47   all

then your run would work just fine. However, if you tried this:

ND01: Rn/Pb/Be source   :  1   all
ND02: Rn/Pb/Be decay    :  1   all

then your run would crash. In some instances, the error masked itself as an I/O error (i.e. "file not found"). This is because an out-of-bounds was probably corrupting the variables that were used to check if all of the data had been read from a particular met field file.

To prevent this from happening, we now test whether the L index is smaller or equal to LD01 (the vertical extent of the AD01 array) or LD02 (the vertical extent of the AD02 array). We have now modified all of the IF statements where the ND01 or ND02 diagnostics are invoked.

For example, we took the existing block of code:

     ! ND01 diag: 7Be emission [kg/s]
     IF ( ND01 > 0 ) THEN
        AD01(I,J,L,3) = AD01(I,J,L,3) + ( ADD_Be / DTSRCE )
     ENDIF

and add an additional test on L:

     ! ND01 diag: 7Be emission [kg/s]
     IF ( ND01 > 0 .and. L <= LD01 ) THEN
        AD01(I,J,L,3) = AD01(I,J,L,3) + ( ADD_Be / DTSRCE )
     ENDIF

etc.

We will add this fix into GEOS-Chem v9-01-02, since it does not affect the full-chemistry simulation.

--Bob Y. 11:08, 28 November 2011 (EST)

Missing drydep diagnostics caused by tracer name error

This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation v9-01-03g and approved on 27 Feb 2012.

Please use the following tracer names in input.geos when setting up a Rn-Pb-Be simulation:

%%% TRACER MENU %%%     : 
Type of simulation      : 1
Number of Tracers       : 3                      
Tracer Entries -------> : TR#   Name  g/mole   Tracer Members; () = emitted 
Tracer #1               :   1   Rn     222.0  
Tracer #2               :   2   Pb     210.0
Tracer #3               :   3   Be7      7.0

If you use alternate spellings for the Rn and Pb tracers, such as:

Tracer #1               :   1   Rn222  222.0  
Tracer #2               :   2   Pb210  210.0

Then this may cause the dry deposition fluxes and frequencies for Pb²¹⁰ not to be printed out.

A fix is forthcoming in GEOS-Chem v9-01-03.

--Bob Y. 11:57, 7 July 2011 (EDT)