Anthropogenic emissions: Difference between revisions

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On this page we list information about the various  
On this page we list information about the various anthropogenic emissions inventories available for use in GEOS-Chem.
[http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf anthropogenic emissions inventories available for use w/ GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] and higher versions.


== Global inventories ==
== Supported inventories ==


{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0
Below are links to wiki pages describing anthropogenic emissions inventories that are currently supported in [[GEOS-Chem 13.4.0]] and later versions.  Not all of these emissions are used by default, some are intended as research options.  See the [https://hemco.readthedocs.io/en/latest/hco-ref-guide/hemco-config.html HEMCO configuration file] for more information.
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! Inventory
! Base Year
! Region
! NO<sub>x</sub>
! CO
! PRPE
! C3H8
! ALK4
! C2H6
! ACET
! MEK
! ALD2
! CH2O
! BENZ
! TOLU
! XYLE
! C2H4
! C2H2
! SO2
! SO4
! NH3
! Variability
|- align="center"
| EDGAR
| 2000
| global
| x
| x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| x
|
|
| season (NOx, SOx)
|- align="center"
| RETRO
| 2000
| global
|
|
| x
| x
| x
| x
|
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
|
|
|
| month
|- align="center"
| GEIA
| 1985
| global
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| x
| x
| x
| season (NOx, SOx)
|}


For a list of inventories by GEOS-Chem version, please see our [[HEMCO data directories]] wiki page.


=== Global inventories ===


=== EDGAR ===
*[[Aircraft emissions#AEIC_2019_emissions_inventory|AEIC 2019 aircraft emissions]]
*[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa65a4 AFCID anthropogenic dust]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JD025767 C2H6 2010]
*[[CEDS anthropogenic emissions]]
*[[EDGAR anthropogenic emissions]]
*[http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/htap_v2/index.php?SECURE=123 HTAP anthropogenic emissions]
*[[MASAGE NH3 inventory|MASAGE NH3]]
*[[RCP_future_emissions_scenarios|RCP future emissions]]
*[http://ftp.as.harvard.edu/gcgrid/data/ExtData/HEMCO/TrashEmis/v2015-03/Trash_emissions_readme.pdf Trash burning emissions]
*[http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/2007/xiao.2007b.pdf Xiao C3H8]


Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory.
=== Regional inventories ===


The EDGAR emissions of NOx, CO, and SOx are the standard emissions.  However, the EDGAR emissions are typically overwritten by data from the [[#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] listed below.
We recommend using regional inventories where possible to overwrite global emissions inventories in specific regions of the world.


The EDGAR inventory also includes [[Ship emissions#EDGAR|emissions from ship exhaust]].
*[[DICE-Africa anthropogenic emissions inventory]]
*[https://github.com/geoschem/geos-chem/issues/547 EPA/NEI2016 North American emissions]
*[[MIX Asian anthropogenic emissions]]


'''''References:'''''
== Scale factors ==


*Olivier, J.G.J. and J.J.M. Berdowski, ''Global emissions sources and sinks''. In: Berdowski, J., Guicherit, R. and B.J. Heij (eds.) <u>The Climate System</u>, pp. 33-78. A. A. Balkema Publishers/Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands., 2001
*[[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions]]
* A related document can be found here: [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/EDGAR_emis.pdf EDGAR description (pdf)]
* Aaron van Donkelaar has created a [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/wiki_docs/emissions/Summary_of_EDGAR_Effects.pdf PDF document] that shows some of the effects of using the EDGAR emissions.
 
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 13:37, 17 March 2010 (EDT)
 
==== Use EDGAR v.4.1 in GEOS-Chem ====
 
EDGAR v4.1 emissions of CO, NOx and SO2 from 1970-2005 were prepared for GEOS-Chem model. It is available on a yearly basis with 1x1 degree spatial resolution. This inventory is not included in standard model yet but can be accessed here. To use EDGAR v.4.1 inventory, please download and apply the patch files. It has been tested in GEOS-Chem v09-01-01 with 1-year full-chemistry benchmark for 2005.
 
The patch folder contains 6 files: edgar_mod.f, biofuel_mod.f, input_mod.f, logical_mod.f, sulfate_mod.f, and input.geos. In input.geos, USE_EDGAR4 is a logical variable for user to choose EDGAR v.4.1 as anthropogenic emission inventory. Since biofuel emissions have been included in EDGAR v.4.1, if use EDGAR v.4.1, default biofuel emissions in GC model will be zero out automatically. If you would like to use shipping emissions from EDGAR v.4.1, also set LEDGARSHIP to True. Aircraft emissions in EDGAR v.4.1 were not implemented.
 
EDGAR v.4.1 emission data includes the following sectors.
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_ 1A1_ENE: Energy (fuel combustion).
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC _1A2_2: Industry combustion and process emissions (fuel combustion).
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A3b_c_e: Ground Transport (road transport, rail transport and other transport, fuel combustion).
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A3d1: International shipping (fuel combustion).
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A3d_SHIP: Inland Waterways (fuel combustion).
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1A4_5: Residential and other combustion (fuel combustion).
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_1B: Fuel production.
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_6A_6C: Solid Waste.
 
EDGAR_V41_IPCC_7: Other Sources.
 
Original documentation of EDGAR inventory can be found from the following URL: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=41
 
EDGAR v.4.1 emission data(1x1 degree) and patch files can be downloaded through the link:
http://166.111.42.46/
 
If you have any question, please contact Qiang Zhang (qiangzhang@tsinghua.edu.cn) at Tsinghua University .
 
=== RETRO ===
 
[[Implementation_of_RETRO_Anthropogenic_Emissions|RETRO anthropogenic VOC emissions]] are the recommended default for anthropogenic VOC emissions. The RETRO inventory has improved temporal and spatial resolution and a more inclusive suite of speciated NMVOCs than many of the other optional inventories.
 
=== GEIA/Piccot ===
 
Previously, this was the baseline anthropogenic emissions inventory in GEOS-Chem. 
 
Description from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/wang1998a.pdf ''Wang et al <nowiki>[1998]</nowiki>]:
 
<blockquote>A global NOx emission inventory (21 Tg N/yr) from fossil fuel combustion has been compiled by the Global Emission Inventory Activity [''Benkovitz et al'' 1996] with a 1&deg; x 1&deg; resolution....</blockquote>
 
<blockquote>Our global CO emission inventory includes 390 TG CO/yr from fossil fuel combustion and industrial activities and 130 Tg CO/yr from wood fuel burning.  This inventory has a resolution of 1&deg; x 1&deg; and is aseasonal....</blockquote>
 
<blockquote>We adopted the country-by-country inventory of ''Piccot et al'' [1992] for emissions of paraffins (45 Tg C/yr) and olefins (18 Tg C/yr) from fossil fuel combustion and industrial activity.  The emissions within each country were distributed on the basis of population density using a 1&deg; x 1&deg; population map [''Benkovitz et al'' 1996].  The ''Piccot et al'' inventory gives no information on the speciation of paraffins and olefins; a speciation of emissions for the United states is, however, available from NAPAP [''Middleton et al'' 1990]....On the basis of [additional data from Harvard Forest], we modify the NAPAP apportionment of paraffins....Assuming the NHMC speciation for the United States to be globally representative, we deduce global emission rates of 6.3 Tg C/yr of Ethane, 6.8 Tg C/yr of propane, 30 Tg C/yr of >=C4 alkanes, 1.0 Tg C/yr of acetone, 1.0 Tg C/yr of higher ketones, and 10.4 Tg C/yr of >=C3 alkenes.</blockquote>
 
'''''References:'''''
 
*Benkovitz, C. M., M. T. Scholtz, J. Pacyna, L. Tarrason, J. Dignon, E. C. Voldner, P. A. Spiro, J. A. Logan, and T. E. Graedel, ''Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''101'''(D22), 29,239-29,253, 1996.
*Middleton, P., W.R. Stockwell, and W.P.L. Carter, ''Aggregation and analysis of volatile organic carbon emissions for regional modeling'', <u>Atmos. Env.</u>,  '''24A''', 1107-1133, 1990.
*Piccot, S.D., J.J. Watson, and J.W. Jones.  ''A global inventory of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic sources'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''97''', 9897-9912, 1992.
*Wang, Y., D.J. Jacob, and J.A. Logan, ''Global simulation of tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry, 1. Model formulation'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''103''', D9,10,713-10,726, 1998. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/wang1998a.pdf PDF]
 
== Regional inventories ==
 
These inventories can be used to "overwrite" the [[#Global inventories|global emissions inventories]] in specific regions of the world.
 
'''''We recommend that you turn on the regional emissions (e.g. BRAVO, CAC, EPA/NEI05, EMEP, etc.), which will override the default underlying global emissions (e.g. EDGAR).'''''  To select these emissions inventories, you will have to modify the EMISSIONS MENU section of the <tt>input.geos</tt> input file.  For detailed instructions, please see [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/doc/man/chapter_5.html#5.2.1.5 Section 5.2.1.5 of the GEOS-Chem Users' Guide].
 
 
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
! Inventory
! Base Year
! Region
! NO<sub>x</sub>
! CO
! PRPE
! C3H8
! ALK4
! C2H6
! ACET
! MEK
! ALD2
! CH2O
! SO2
! SO4
! NH3
! BC/OC
! Variability
|- align="center"
| CAC
| 2002,2005
| Canada
| x
| x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| x
|
| x
|
|
|- align="center"
| EMEP
| 1980-2005
| Europe
| x
| x
| x
|
| x
| x
|
| x
| x
|
| x
|
|
| x
| month (NOx,SOx,CO,NH3)
|- align="center"
| EPA (ICARTT)
| 1999 (2004)
| USA
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
|
| x
| x
| x
| x
|
| month, weekday/weekend
|- align="center"
| VISTAS
| 2002
| USA
| x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| month
|- align="center"
| BRAVO
| 1999
| Mexico
| x
| x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| x
|
|
|
|
|- align="center"
| STREETS 2000 (2004)
| 2000 (2004)
| S.E. Asia
| x
| x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| x
|
| x
|
| month (NOx,CO,NH3)
|- align="center"
| STREETS 2006
| 2006
| S.E. Asia
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
| x
|
|
|
| month (NOx,CO)
|- align="center"
| COOKE
| 1996
| N. America
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| x
| month
|}
 
 
 
=== BRAVO ===
 
Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study Emissions Inventory for Mexico and some neighboring U.S. states.
 
* ''Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility Observational (BRAVO) Study Emissions Inventory'', H. Kuhns, M. Green, and V. Etyemezian, 2003. [http://www.geos-chem.org/wiki_docs/emissions/BRAVOEI_Report_d2.pdf PDF]
 
=== CAC ===
 
The Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC) inventory is a regional inventory of anthropogenic emissions over Canada.  For more information about the data files, please see [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/gcgrid/geos-chem/data/GEOS_1x1/CAC_200801/README this README file].
 
* [http://www.ec.gc.ca/inrp-npri/default.asp?lang=En&n=4A577BB9-1 Source data at Environment Canada]
 
'''NOTE about ammonia emissions:'''  The latest anthropogenic ammonia (NH3) emissions inventory over Canada is provided by Agriculture Canada, acquired from detailed surveys on monthly emissions of five agricultural categories:  beef, dairy, fertilizer, poultry, and swine.  For more information about the data files, please see [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/CAC_Readme.pdf this README file].
 
=== David Streets ===
 
There are 3 implementations of the David Streets inventory:
 
==== Streets 2000 ====
 
This was the original inventory.  See this paper for more information.
 
* Streets, D.G., T.C. Bond, G.R. Carmichael, S.D. Fernandes, Q. Fu, Z. Klimont, S.M. Nelson, N.Y. Tsai, M.Q. Wang, J-H. Woo, and K.F. Yarber, ''An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''108''', D21, doi:10.1029/2002JD003093, 2003.
 
'''NOTE about NH3 emissions:''' This is the latest inventory available for anthropogenic ammonia (NH3) emissions over Asia. It does not include any seasonal cycle, which for NH3 results in overestimates in winter and underestimates in spring, due to the annual cycle of agricultural activity. We correct this by using the annual total from Streets 2000 but with superimposed monthly scale factors from a global inventory compiled by Marcel Meinders and Lex Bouwman. Their inventory has not been published, but applies seasonal variation based on the length of the growing season for fertilizer use and on temperature and wind speed for everything else. This fix will be standard in [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-02|v9-01-02]]. For more information, see:
* Fisher, J.A., Jacob, D.J., Wang, Q., et al. ''Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate-ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter-spring'', <u>Atmos. Environ.</u>, 45: 7301-7318, 2011.
 
'''''This update to NH3 emissions was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02j|v9-01-02j]] and approved on 16 Aug 2011.'''''
 
--[[User:Jaf|Jenny Fisher]] 17:00, 20 January 2011 (EST)<br>
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 16:47, 16 August 2011 (EDT)
 
==== Streets 2001 ====
 
This inventory was issued to update under-estimated China CO in the Streets 2000.  Therefore, this data set only covers China.  For the rest of SE Asia, the Streets 2000 is used.  See this reference for more information:
 
* Streets, D.G, Q. Zhang, L. Wang, K. He, J. Hao, Y. Wu, Y. Tang, and G.C. Carmichael, ''Revisiting China's CO emissions after the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''111''', D14306, doi:10.1029/2006JD007118, 2006.
 
==== Streets 2006 ====
 
This is the most recent inventory.  NOTE: Anthropogenic and biofuel emissions are lumped together, so when you use this in GEOS-Chem, you have to zero out the biofuel emissions.  This is done in the <tt>streets_anthro_mod.f</tt> already. 
 
The Streets 2006 inventory will be used by the code automatically for dates past Jan 1, 2006.  You may also set the emissions base year to 2006 manually in the <tt>input.geos</tt> file.
 
See these references for more information:
 
* INTEX-B, http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006; or http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/EMISSION_DATA_new/index_16.html
* Zhang, Q., Streets, D. G., Carmichael, G. R., He, K. B., Huo, H., Kannari, A., Klimont, Z., Park, I. S., Reddy, S., Fu, J. S., Chen, D., Duan, L., Lei, Y., Wang, L. T., and Yao, Z. L.: ''Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys.</u>, '''9''', 5131-5153, 2009.
 
==== Resolved issues ====
 
===== Double counting of Streets biofuel emissions =====
 
Please see [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01#Double counting of biofuel emissions over Asia|this wiki post]] about a bug that was discovered in [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01]] that resulted in a double-counting of David Streets biofuel emissions over Asia.  This was corrected in [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-02]].
 
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 10:48, 18 February 2011 (EST)
 
===== Bug fix for Streets biofuel emissions =====
 
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-02_benchmark_history#v9-01-02s|v9-01-02s]] and approved on 5 Nov 2011.'''''
 
Currently, in <tt>biofuel_mod.F</tt>:
 
          IF ( LSTREETS .and. ( SIM_YEAR >= 2001 ) ) THEN
              ! If we are over the SE Asia region
              IF ( GET_SE_ASIA_MASK( I, J ) > 0d0 ) THEN
                BIOFUEL(N,I,J) = 0.d0
              ENDIF
          ENDIF
 
'''''[mailto:mailto:cmiller@fas.harvard.edu Chris Miller] wrote:'''''
 
:This will zero every tracer that has biofuel emissions in the Streets region. However, Streets only covers the anthropogenic emissions of the following VOCs - ALK4, ALD2, PRPE, C3H8, C2H6, MEK, ACET and CH2O. Thus you should not zero the remaining VOC tracers.
 
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 13:26, 21 October 2011 (EDT)
 
=== EMEP ===
 
The Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) inventory for Europe.
 
The EMEP inventory also includes [[Ship emissions#EMEP|emissions from ship exhaust]].
 
NOTE: The EMEP emissions data have been extended to the year 2007 in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-01]] and higher versions.
 
'''References:'''
 
*Auvray, M., and I. Bey, ''Long-Range Transport to Europe: Seasonal Variations and Implications for the European Ozone Budget'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''110''', D11303, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005503, 2005.
* Vestreng, V., and H. Klein (2002), ''Emission data reported to UNECE/EMEP: Quality assurance and trend analysis & Presentation of WebDab'', <u>MSC-W Status Report 2002</u>, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo Norway, July 2002. [http://www.emep.int/publ/reports/2002/mscw_note_1_2002.pdf PDF]
*Vestreng et al., ''EMEP 2005 expert emissions'', 2007. (need full citation!)
 
=== EPA/NEI05 ===
 
Please visit our page for the [[EPA/NEI05 North American emissions]].
 
=== EPA/NEI99 ===
 
Please visit our page for the [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions]].
 
== Annual scale factors for anthropogenic emissions inventories ==
 
'''''Please see our new [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions]] wiki page for the latest information about scale factors for anthropogenic emissions inventories used in GEOS-Chem.'''''
 
The " => Scale to (1985-2005)" option in input.geos will scale all anthropogenic emissions to the year that you select, unless data for that year exists. If you enter a negative number (recommended), emissions will be automatically scaled to the closest-to-simulation year and/or the best base year is selected when several are available in one inventory (like EMEP). It is recommended to set this field to -1 or 2006 for simulations after 2005, so that all inventories are scaled to 2005, and STREETS 2006 is used in SE ASIA.
 
Here is a brief explanation from van Donkelaar et al., ACPD, 8, 4017-4057, 2008:
 
<blockquote>We scale all regional and global inventories from their respective base year to 2003, the last year of available statistics, unless its base year is after 2003. Our approach follows Bey et al. (2001) and Park et al. (2004). Emissions are scaled according to estimates provided by individual countries, where available. These countries/regions include the United States, Canada, Japan and Europe. NOx emissions of remaining countries are scaled proportional to changes in total CO2 emissions. SOx emissions are similarly scaled to solid fuel CO2 emissions and CO emissions to liquid fuel CO2 emissions. CO2 emission data are obtained from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC).</blockquote>
 
Note that the scale factor have been updated since that paper to go up to 2005, and are based on REAS data now for South East Asia:
 
Relative changes in the REAS inventory (Ohara et al., ACP, [2007], http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frsgc/research/d4/reas_h_a.html) over East Asia
have been used. This should be a good improvement as REAS emissions are gridded, rather than national scale emissions, giving us much better spatial detail.  Also, these scalars are now based on actual NOx, SOx and CO emission estimates, not strictly an assumed proportionality between total, solid and liquid CO2 emissions.
 
== Seasonal scale factors for anthropogenic emissions inventories ==
 
Seasonal scale factors are described on the [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions]] wiki page.
 
== Diurnal variation for anthropogenic NOx emissions ==
 
The diurnal variation for NOx is described on the [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions]] wiki page.
 
== Other resources ==
 
Please see the following references for more information about anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-Chem:
 
# [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03]
# [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Anthropogenic emissions in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04]
# [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Anthropogenic emissions prior to v8-01-01]
 
== Known issues ==
 
=== Anthropogenic ethane emissions are too low ===
 
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-03 benchmark history#v9-01-03i|v9-01-03i]] and approved on 26 Mar 2012.'''''
 
In addition to [[Implementation of RETRO Anthropogenic Emissions#RETRO anthropogenic ethane emissions are too low|RETRO anthropogenic ethane emissions being too low]], Emily Fischer found that ethane emissions in the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EPA.2FNEI05|EPA/NEI2005]], [[Anthropogenic emissions#Streets 2006|Streets]], and [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] regional inventories are also too low. Therefore, these regional ethane emissions should not overwrite the global anthropogenic ethane emissions provided by Yaping Xiao. This update is slated for implementation into [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-03]], as part of the update to replace RETRO C2H6 emissions with emissions from the offline C2H6 simulation.
 
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 13:51, 23 March 2012 (EDT)

Latest revision as of 20:52, 5 September 2023

On this page we list information about the various anthropogenic emissions inventories available for use in GEOS-Chem.

Supported inventories

Below are links to wiki pages describing anthropogenic emissions inventories that are currently supported in GEOS-Chem 13.4.0 and later versions. Not all of these emissions are used by default, some are intended as research options. See the HEMCO configuration file for more information.

For a list of inventories by GEOS-Chem version, please see our HEMCO data directories wiki page.

Global inventories

Regional inventories

We recommend using regional inventories where possible to overwrite global emissions inventories in specific regions of the world.

Scale factors

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