GEOS-Chem Adjoint Model

Adjoint Working Group

Contact information

Adjoint Model Scientist	Daven Henze
Adjoint Model and Data Assimilation Working Group Co-Chairs	Kevin Bowman, Dylan B.A. Jones
GEOS-Chem Adjoint support team	Yanko Davila, Nicolas Bousserez
Adjoint Working Group email list	geos-chem-adjoint [at] g.harvard.edu
To subscribe to email list	Either Send an email to geos-chem-adjoint+subscribe [at] g.harvard.edu Or Go to Adjoint Google Group, then Click on Subscribe to this group
To unsubscribe from email list	Either Send an email to geos-chem-adjoint+unsubscribe [at] g.harvard.edu Or Go to the Adjoint Google Group, then Click on the My Settings button Click on Leave this group

--Bob Y. (talk) 15:54, 21 August 2015 (UTC)

Historical Development

Original work on the adjoint of GEOS-Chem v6 began in 2003, focusing on the adjoint of the offline aerosol simulation. By 2005, the adjoint was expanded to include a tagged CO simulation and a full chemistry simulation; an adjoint of GEOS-Chem v7 was also developed in the following years. Each of these branches of the adjoint code were been constructed in a hybrid fashion using a combination of automatic differentiation software (TAMC, KPP) and manual coding of both discrete and continuous adjoints. They shared many common elements yet had unique features for different applications.

During the summer of 2009, the existing branches were merged and updated to bring the adjoint into alignment with the latest release of GEOS-Chem, v8-02-01. This merged adjoint model is now the standard adjoint code into which all further development efforts will be placed.

Forward Model Code

The forward model on which the adjoint is based originally corresponded to GEOS-Chem v8-02-01. It was subsequently updated as follows:

• KPP solver for gas-phase chemistry (as in GCv8-02-03)
• Implement Bond 2007 BC/OC emissions (as in GCv8-02-02)
• Apply bug fixes from GCv8-02-02 listed here
• Apply bug fixes from GCv8-02-03 listed here
• Apply bug fixes from GCv8-02-04 listed here

All bug fixes and model updates were previous listed at the top of inverse_driver.f. We have now switched to documenting the code development cycle here in the wiki, see the following section.

Code Versions, Bug Fixes and Developments

Current GEOS-Chem adjoint version released

• GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v35 (You will download this version when you check out.)

Previous GEOS-Chem adjoint versions released

• GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v34
• GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v33
• GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v32
• GEOS-Chem_Adjoint_v31

Summary of Main Adjoint Code Supported Features

Features

• Meteorological fields
  • GEOS-3 needs testing
  • GEOS-4
  • GEOS-5
• model resolution
  • 4 x 5
  • 2 x 2.5
  • Nested Asia and NA
• Forward model processes
  • convection
  • advection
  • PBL mixing
  • dry deposition
  • wet deposition
  • strat / trop exchange with LINOZ and new GMI strat chem (v9-01-03)
  • NOy up fluxes (now replaced with new GMI strat chem)
  • aerosols
    • inorganic aerosol thermodynamics with RPMARES
    • inorganic aerosol thermodynamics with ISORROPIA in progress
    • sulfate chemistry
    • BC
    • SOA, Dust, sea salt needs doing
    • aerosol surface area feedbacks needs updating
    • aerosol optical feedbacks needs doing
  • emissions
    • all standard emissions included
• Simulation modes
  • full chemistry
  • tagged CO
  • tagged Ox
  • CH4
  • offline aerosols (for BC and dust only)
  • CO2
• Observational Operators
  • MOPITT CO column
  • SCIAMACHY CO column
  • AIRS CO column
  • IMPROVE BC
  • CASTNet (NH4+) needs updating
  • GOME / SCIAMACHY NO2 column needs updating
    • using KNMI retrieval (Henze)
    • using Dalhousie retrieval (Shim)
  • SCIAMACHY/OMI NO2
    • using Dalhousie retrieval (Bousserez, Padmanabhan)
  • TES NH3
  • TES O3
  • GOSAT CO2
  • MLS O3 and TES CO2 in progress
• Control parameters
  • Initial Conditions scaling factors (linear or log)
  • Emissions scaling factors (linear or log)
    • NH3, primary BC/OC, SO2: anthropogenic, natural, bioburn, biomass, ship
    • NOx: soil, aircraft, anthropogenic, biofuel, bioburn
    • Lightning NOx: injection height, yield in progress
    • all other gas-phase tracers: anthropogenic, biofuel, bioburn
• Adjoint sensitivities
  • w.r.t. all implemented control parameters
  • w.r.t Reaction Rate Parameters
  • w.r.t all emissions
  • of AQ attainment metrics needs updating
  • of spatiotemporally averaged species concentrations (e.g., arctic O3)
• Other
  • Inverse Hessian approximation
  • off-diagonal covariance matrices needs updating
  • 3D-Var needs updating

Features may be qualified as:

• needs testing: an implemented feature that we haven't fully used yet
• needs updating: a feature developed with a previous branch that has yet to be updated to GEOS-Chem v8 and the merged adjoint
• needs doing: a feature nobody has tackled the adjoint of yet
• in progress: a feature currently under development
• in pipeline: a feature which has been submitted and awaiting integration into the CVS repository

Primary code developers

Monika Kopacz, Kumaresh Singh, Changsub Shim, Daven Henze

Adjoint model lead scientist

Daven Henze

Resources

User's guide

A user's guide v35 is available. User's Guide v35

Previous version v32-v33 available at User's Guide v32

Quick Introduction to GitLab is available at GitLab Tutorial

Code flowchart

Meemong Lee has created a detailed flowchart of the inverse model code structure. http://adjoint.colorado.edu/~daven/gcadj_std/flowchart.pdf

Plotting tools

Some IDL and MATLAB routines for plotting benchmark results. http://adjoint.colorado.edu/~daven/gcadj_std/tools.tar.gz

Background papers and presentations

Several articles and presentations (including a GC adjoint modeling clinic overview from IGC5) providing background information about adjoints. http://adjoint.colorado.edu/~daven/gcadj_std/adj_articles.tar.gz

Distribution and Use

Code for the adjoint is distributed through GITLAB, a web interface connected to a GIT server located at adjoint.colorado.edu. You can access GITLAB at http://adjoint.colorado.edu:8080 after your account is created. Here is our Quick Start Guide.

Even if your office mate has a copy of the code, the best way to obtain the model is to get an account for yourself and download a version from the repository. So please do not copy code directly from others or pass the code along to third parties. This vastly helps with tracking developments and keeping up with model updates.

Use of the adjoint model code follows standard practice for GEOS-Chem. It is expected that any developments that come of individual applications based on this community model will eventually be given back to the community by incorporation of new developments into the standard adjoint code. New development should be submitted to Daven Henze for inclusion in the standard adjoint model code.

Using GIT gives the users the ability to change the code and commit their changes without affecting the main repository hosted at adjoint.colorado.edu. Users can work with their modified versions of the code and even create their own tags because GIT acts as a local repository. When ready to submit your update to the community just create a new branch with your modifications. Send an email Daven Henze explaining your contributions and we'll do our best to include them as soon as possible.

Quick guide to GIT

As of version 34 we started using git versioning system and the GitLab web interface. We prepared GitLab Tutorial to help users get used to the web interface and git. We recommend first taking a look at GIT manual to get a general feel for how this tools works (e.g., GIT Documentation or GIT Manual Page).

Useful GIT commands:

Initial download:

git clone ssh://git@adjoint.colorado.edu:2222/yanko.davila/gcadj_std.git

Status of project vs the current repository:

git status

Check difference of files (differences have colors for easy reading)

git diff --color <wildcard> [<wildcard>] <path>/foo_mod.f

Checkout specific version

git checkout <wildcard>

Replacing a file with the newest version from the repository:

git checkout origin/master -- <path>/foo_mod.f

Merging changes in a file: (Reference)

git merge -m <wildcard> 

Comitting

git commit -a

Tagging a version

git tag -a TAGNAME

Deleting a tag

git tag -d TAGNAME
git push origin :refs/tags/TAGNAME

Saving changes to repository

git push

Saving tags to repository

git push --tags

List the history of a file:

git log -- <path>/foo_mod.f

Add a file to the repository

git add <file_name>

Delete a file from the repository

git rm <file_name>

Determine current version

git show HEAD [ | grep commit]

Download remote changes, rewind your local branch, then replays all your changes over the top of your current branch one by one, until you’re all up to date.

git pull --rebase

There are several wildcards that you can use on git for example:
"origin/master" - Latest version on the repository
"HEAD" - Latest version as of your last download
"v33i" - Specific TAG, find all tag names on GitLab
"32d5c926e" - Specific COMMIT, find all commit numbers on GitLab

Here is the foward model documentation of git.

Backward compatibility (CVS)

For people using old version of the code we still have active our CVS repository, but note that the latest version on CVS is v33i-patch2. Here you can find our Quick Guide to CVS

Crediting GEOS-Chem adjoint developers

We aim to make distribution of adjoint model code as immediate as possible. A consequence is that many features may not yet be publicly documented. Therefore, giving code developers due credit is of utmost importance.

Authors of new additions to the standard code should be offered co-authorship on the first round of presentations and publications to come of their development. Features currently falling in this category and their developers are:

• (v35j) MOPITT CO Observation operator. Zhe Jiang; Yanko Davila, CU Boulder.
• (v35j) OMI SO2, OMI NO2 and TES O3 Observation operators. Martin Keller, U Toronto; Yi Wang, UNL; Yanko Davila, CU Boulder.
• (v35) HTAP Emissions Inventory. Kateryna Lapina, Daven Henze and Yanko Davila, CU Boulder.
• (v35) NEI2008 Emissions Inventory. Katie Travis; Fabien Paulot, Harvard; Hyungmin Lee, and Daven Henze, CU Boulder.
• (v35) Deposition based cost function. Fabien Paulot, Harvard; Daven Henze and Yanko Davila, CU Boulder.
• (v34) Implementation of the sensitivity to reaction rate constants. Developers: Hyungmin Lee, CU Boulder; Thomas ; Fabien Paulot (Harvard); Daven Henze, CU Boulder and Yanko Davila, CU Boulder.
• (v34) ISOROPIA II adjoint. Developer: Shannon Capps, EPA.
• (v34) Off-diagonal covariance error matrices implementation. Developers: Nicolas Bousserez, CU Boulder; Kumaresh; Yanko Davila, CU Boulder.
• (v32) Nested full chemistry adjoint. Developers: Zhe Jiang, University of Toronto; Daven Henze, CU Boulder.

Citation of the appropriate journal articles for mature developments is also encouraged, as well as considering aspects of co-authorship for the forward model.

Overall, if you have any questions about authorship, even for a conference presentation, please contact Daven Henze.

Current GEOS-Chem Adjoint Research Projects (please add yours!)

User Group	Description	Contact Person
CU Boulder	Aerosol precursors, CO2, O3; general adjoint code maintenance	Daven Henze
CU Boulder	Inverse modeling/optimization: variational source inversions, posterior error estimates in high-dimension; general adjoint code maintenance	Nicolas Bousserez
CU Boulder	BC Inverse modeling	Li Zhang
CU Boulder	Identifying long-range sources of atmospheric pollutants utilizing an adjoint method	Alicia Camacho
CU Boulder	Sensitivity of nitrate deposition in Federal Class I areas in the US	Hyung-Min Lee
CU Boulder	Constraints on Aerosol Sources	Zhen Qu
Harvard	Methane	Alex Turner, aturner [at] fas.harvard.edu
Harvard	Methane	Bram Maasakkers, maasakkers [at] seas.harvard.edu
Harvard	Smoke Emissions in SE Asia	Patrick Kim, kim68 [at] fas.harvard.edu
Harvard	Harvard Emissions Component (HEMCO)	Christoph Keller
MIT	Air quality, aircraft emissions and sensitivities	Irene Dedoussi
Dalhousie University	Mass balance vs adjoint approaches for top-down constraints on NOx emissions	Matthew Cooper
Dalhousie University	Trends in OC and BC emissions over the US	Nathaniel Egan-Pimblett
Dalhousie University	Sensitivity of global PM2.5-induced mortality to emissions	Colin Lee
JPL	Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Ozone assimilation and CMS	Meemong Lee
JPL	TES ozone assimilation/attribution of ozone radiative forcing	Kevin Bowman
University of Edinburgh	Quantifying the impact of boreal forest fires on tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic	Mark Parrington
Peking University	Satellite constraints on VOC emissions	May Fu
UEA	CO2 assimilation	Chen
Purdue University	Feedback between terrestrial ecosystem processes and atmospheric CO2 signals	Qing Zhu
Purdue University	Feedback between aquatic ecosystem processes and atmospheric CH4 signals	Zeli Tan
University of Toronto	Sensitivity of ozone and reactive nitrogen to precursor emissions	Thomas Walker
JPL	Adjoint analysis for carbon monoxide and ozone	Zhe Jiang
University of Toronto	Sensitivity of ozone and CO to precursor emissions	Cynthia Whaley
Georgia Tech / CU Boulder	ISORROPIA adjoint development; NH3 assimilation; cloud droplet sensitivities	Shannon Capps
Peking University	Source attributions of tropospheric ozone over North China	Jintai Lin
University of Wollongong	Sensitivity of ozone and adjoint analysis of CO over Australasia.	Rebecca Buchholz
University of Toronto	CO2 assimilation & transport model bias estimation	Martin Keller
University of Wisconsin	CO2 assimilation and forecast & Temperature profile retrieval	Wenguang Bai
University of Leicester (UK)	Top-down estimates of Amazon isoprene emissions	Michael Barkley
Anyang University	Aerosol emission modeling in East Asia	Youn Seo Koo
Nanjing University	Inverse modeling of terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux	Hengmao Wang
Tsinghua University	Nested-gird simulations with the adjoint model	Nan Yang
University of Minnesota	Inverse modeling of VOC sources based on TES and IASI measurements	Kelley Wells, Dylan Millet
University of Minnesota & CU Boulder	Inverse modeling of N2O sources	Dylan Millet, Daven Henze
Tsinghua University	Inverse modeling of anthropogenic emissions over East Asia	Qiang Zhang
UCLA	Constrain black carbon emission	Ling Qi
UCLA	source attribution of ozone in the western U.S.	Mei Gao
University of Toronto	Methane inverse modeling	Ilya Stanevich
University of Edinburgh	Ozone sensitivity in biomass burning plumes	Douglas Finch
CRAES	source attribution of PM in eastern China	Wei Peng

Publications

Journal Articles

• In press or sumbitted
  • Turner, A. J., D. J. Jacob, K. J. Wecht, J. D. Maasakkers, S. C. Biraud, H. Boesch, K. W. Bowman, N. M. Deutscher, M. K. Dubey, D. W. T. Griffith, F. Hase, A. Kuze, J. Notholt, H. Ohyama, R. Parker, V. H. Payne, R. Sussmann, V. A. Velazco, T. Warneke, P. O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch, Estimating global and North American methane emissions with high spatial resolution using GOSAT satellite data, submitted to Atmos. Chem. Phys.
  • Turner, A. J. and D. J. Jacob, Balancing aggregation and smoothing errors in inverse models, submitted to Atmos. Chem. Phys.
  • Liu, J., Bowman, K., and Henze, D., Source-receptor relationships of column-average CO2 and implications for the impact of observations on flux inversions. JGR-Atmosphere, in press.
  • Whaley, C. H., K. Strong, D. B. A. Jones, T. W. Walker, Z. Jiang, D. K. Henze, M. Cooke, C. A. McLinden, M. Pommier, R. L. Mittermeier, P. F. Fogal, Improvements to our understanding of urban ozone air pollution: Sources of Toronto-area ozone during poor air quality events, submitted.
  • Zhao, Y. H., L. Zhang, Y. P. Pan, Y. S. Wang, F. Paulot, and D. K. Henze, Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the northwestern Pacific: seasonal variation and source attribution, submitted.
  • Lapina, K., D. K. Henze, J. B. Milford, C. Cuvelier, and M. Seltzer, Implications of RCP Scenarios for future changes in vegetative exposure to ozone in the Western U.S., Geophys. Res. Let., in press.
  • Zhang, L., L. Licheng, Y. Zhao, S. Gong, X. Zhang, D. K. Henze, S. L. Capps, T.-M. Fu, Q. Zhang, Source attribution of particulate matter pollution over North China with the adjoint method, submitted.
  • Walker, T. W., D. B. A. Jones, D. K. Henze, Z. Jiang, M. Parrington, F. Paulot, and Y. Rochon, Adjoint sensitivity analysis of North American surface ozone concentrations: Implications for dry deposition, submitted.
  • Keller, M, D. B. A. Jones, Z. Jiang, D. K. Henze, and H. Worden, Quantifying model biases in CO emission estimation using weak constraint 4D-Var, submitted.
  • Bousserez, N., D. K. Henze, B. Rooney, A. Perkins, K. J. Wecht, A. J. Turner, V. Natraj, J. R. Worden, Constraints on methane emissions in North America from future geostationary remote sensing measurements, submitted.

• 2015
  • Zhang, L., D. K. Henze, G. A. Grell, G. R. Carmichael, N. Bousserez, Q. Zhang, J. Cao, O. Torres, C. Ahn, Z. Lu, Y. Mao, Constraining black carbon aerosol over Southeast Asia using OMI aerosol absorption optical depth and the adjoint of GEOS-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10281-10308, doi:10.5194/acp-15-10281-2015.
  • Patrick S. Kim, Daniel J. Jacob, Loretta J. Mickley, Shannon N. Koplitz, Miriam E. Marlier, Ruth S. DeFries, Samuel S. Myers, Boon Ning Chewf, Yuhao H. Mao, Sensitivity of population smoke exposure to fire locations in Equatorial Asia, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.045
  • Deng, F., D. B. A. Jones, T. W. Walker, M. Keller, K. W. Bowman, D. K. Henze, R. Nassar, E. A. Kort, S. C. Wofsy, K. A. Walker, A. E. Bourassa, and D. A. Degenstein, Sensitivity analysis of the potential impact of discrepancies in stratosphere-troposphere exchange on inferred sources and sinks of CO2, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 15, 10813-10851, doi:10.5194/acpd-15-10813-2015.
  • Jiang, Z., D. B. A. Jones, J. R. Worden, H. M. Worden, D. K. Henze, Y. X. Wang, Regional data assimilation of multi-spectral MOPITT observations of CO over North America, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 15, 5327-5358, doi:10.5194/acpd-15-5327-2015.
  • Zhu, L., D. K. Henze, J. Bash, G. Jeong, K. Cady-Pereira, M. Shephard, M. Luo, F. Paulot, and S. Capps, Global evaluation of ammonia bi-directional exchange, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 15, 4823-4877, doi:10.5194/acpd-15-4823-2015.
  • Jiang, Z., J. R. Worden, D. B. A. Jones, J.-T. Lin, W. Verstraeten, and D. K. Henze, Constraints on Asian ozone using Aura TES, OMI and Terra MOPITT, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 99-112.
  • Lee, C.J., R.V. Martin, Henze D.K., Brauer M., Cohen A., and A. van Donkelaar, Sensitivity of global particulate-matter-related mortality to local precursor emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49(7), 4335–4344, doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b00873, 2015.
  • Bousserez, N., D. K. Henze, A. Perkins, K. W. Bowman, M.Lee, J.Liu, D.B.A. Jones, F. Deng, Improved analysis-error covariance matrix for high-dimensional variational inversions: application to source estimation using a 3D atmospheric transport model. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.. doi: 10.1002/qj.2495

• 2014
  • Jiang, Z., D. B. A Jones, H. M. Worden, and D. K. Henze, Sensitivity of inferred regional CO source estimates to the vertical structure in CO as observed by MOPITT, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 22939-22984
  • Zhu, Q., Q. Zhuang, D. K. Henze, K. Bowman, M. Chen, Y. Liu, Y. He, H. Matsueda, T. Machida, and Y. Sawa, Constraining terrestrial ecosystem CO2 fluxes by integrating models of biogeochemistry and atmospheric transport and data of surface carbon fluxes and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 22587-22638
  • Mao, Y. H., Q. B. Li, D. K. Henze, Z. Jiang, D. B. A. Jones, M. Kopacz, C. He, L. Qi, M. Gao, W.-M. Hao, and K.-N. Liou, Variational estimates of black carbon emissions in the western United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 21865-21916
  • Liu, J., Bowman, K., Lee, M., Henze, D., Bousserez, N., Brix, H., Collatz, G., Menemenlis, D., Ott, L., Pawson, S., Jones, D., Nassar, R.. Carbon monitoring system flux estimation and attribution: impact of ACOS-GOSAT XCO2 sampling on the inference of terrestrial biospheric sources and sinks. Tellus B, North America, 66, may. 2014. Available at: http://www.tellusb.net/index.php/tellusb/article/view/22486
  • Lee, H., D. K. Henze, B. Alexander, and L. T., Murray, Investigating the sensitivity of surface-level nitrate seasonality in Antarctica to primary sources using a global model, Atmos. Environ., 89, 757--767, doi:0.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.003
  • Paulot, F., D. J. Jacob, R. W. Pinder, J. O. Bash, K. Travis, D. K. Henze, Ammonia emissions in the United States, Europe, and China derived by high-resolution inversion of ammonium wet deposition data: Interpretation with a new agricultural emissions inventory (MASAGE_NH3), J. Geophys. Res., 119, 7, 4343--4364, doi:10.1002/2013JD021130.
  • Lapina, K., D. K. Henze, J. B. Milford, M. Huang, M. Lin, A. M. Fiore, G. Carmichael, G. G. Pfister, and K. W. Bowman, Assessment of source contributions to seasonal vegetative exposure to ozone in the U.S., J. Geophys. Res., 119, 324-340, doi:10.1002/2013JD020905
  • Shen, Z., J. Liu, L. W. Horowitz, D. K. Henze, S. Fan, H. Levy II, D. L. Mauzerall, J. Lin, and S. Tao,.: Analysis of transpacific transport of black carbon during HIPPO-3: implications for black carbon aging, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 505-540, doi:10.5194/acpd-14-505-2014
  • Wells, K. C., D. B. Millet, K. E. Cady-Pereira, M. W. Shephard, D. K. Henze, N. Bousserez, E. C. Apel, J. de Gouw, C. Warneke, H. B. Singh, Quantifying global terrestrial methanol emissions using observations from the TES satellite sensor, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2555-2570

• 2013
  • Deng, F., D. B. A. Jones, D. K. Henze, N. Bousserez, K. W. Bowman, J. B. Fisher, R. Nassar, C. O'Dell, D. Wunch, P. O. Wennberg, E. A. Kort, S. C. Wofsy, T. Blumenstock, N. M. Deutscher, D. Griffith, F. Hase, P. Heikkinen, V. Sherlock, K. Strong, R. Sussmann, and T. Warneke, Inferring regional sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2 from GOSAT XCO2 data, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 26327-26388
  • Meland, B., X. Xu, D. K. Henze, J. Wang, Assessing remote polarimetric measurements sensitivities to aerosol emissions using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 6, 5447-5493, doi:10.5194/amtd-6-5447-2013
  • Xu, X., J. Wang, D. K. Henze, W. Qu, M. Kopacz, Constraints on Aerosol Sources Using GEOS-Chem Adjoint and MODIS Radiances, and Evaluation with Multi-sensor (OMI, MISR) data, J. Geophys. Res., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50515.
  • Paulot, F., D. J. Jacob and D. K. Henze, Sources and processes contributing to nitrogen deposition in biodiversity hotspots worldwide, Environ. Sci. Technol, 47, 3226-3233, doi:10.1021/es3027727.
  • Koo, J., Q. Wang, D. K. Henze, I. A. Waitz, S.R.H. Barrett, Spatial sensitivities of human health risk to intercontinental and high-altitude pollution, Atmos. Environ., 71, 140-147.
  • Kharol, S., R. V. Martin, S. Philip, S. Vogel, D. K. Henze, D. Chen, Y. Wang, Q. Zhang, C. L. Heald, Persistent Sensitivity of Asian Aerosol to Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1021-1026, doi:10.1002/grl.50234.
  • Jiang, Z., D. B. A. Jones, H. M. Worden, M. N. Deeter, D. K. Henze, J. Worden, and K. W. Bowman, Quantifying the impact of model biases in convective transport on inferred CO source estimates using multi-spectral CO retrievals from MOPITT, J. Geophys. Res.,118, doi:10.1029/jgrd.50216
  • L. Zhu, D. K. Henze, K. E. Cady-Pereira, M. W. Shephard, M. Luo, R. W. Pinder, J. O. Bash, G. Jeong, Constraining U.S. ammonia emissions using TES remote sensing observations and the GEOS-Chem adjoint model, J. Geophys. Res., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50166
  • Koo, J., Q. Wang, D. K. Henze, I. A. Waitz, S.R.H. Barrett, Spatial sensitivities of human health risk to intercontinental and high-altitude pollution, Atmos. Environ., 71, 140-147

• 2012
  • Bowman, K. W., and D. K. Henze, Attribution of direct ozone radiative forcing to spatially-resolved emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L22704, doi:10.1029/2012GL053274.
  • Henze, D. K., D. T. Shindell, F. Akhtar, R. J. D. Spurr, R. W. Pinder, D. Loughlin, M. Kopacz, K. Singh, and C. Shim, Spatially refined aerosol direct radiative forcing efficiencies, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9511 - 9518, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es301993s.
  • Karydis, V. A., S. L. Capps, R. H. Moore, A. Russell, D. K. Henze, and A. Nenes, Using a global aerosol model adjoint to unravel the footprint of spatially-distributed emissions on cloud droplet number and cloud albedo, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24804, doi:10.1029/2012GL053346.
  • Parrington, M., P. I. Palmer, D. K. Henze, D. W. Tarasick, E. J. Hyer, R. C. Owen, C. Clerbaux, K. W. Bowman, M. N. Deeter, E. M. Barratt, P.-F. Coheur, D. Hurtmans, M. George, and J. R. Worden, The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2077-2098.
  • Paulot, F., D. K. Henze, and P. O. Wennberg, Impact of the isoprene photochemical cascade on tropical ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1307-1325.
  • Singh, K. and A. Sandu, 2012: Variational chemical data assimilation with approximate adjoints. Computers and Geosciences, 40, 10-18.
  • Turner, A., D. K. Henze, R. V. Martin, and A. Hakami, The spatial extent of source influences on modeled column concentrations of short-lived species, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L12806, doi:10.1029/2012GL051832.
  • Walker, T., D. B. A. Jones, M. Parrington, D. K. Henze, L. T. Murray, J. W. Bottenheim, K. Anlauf, J. R. Worden, K. W. Bowman, C. Shim, K. Singh, M. Kopacz, D. W. Tarasick, J. Davies, P. von der Gathen, and C. C. Carouge, Impacts of midlatitude precursor emissions and local photochemistry on ozone abundances in the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res.,117, D01305 doi:10.1029/2011JD016370.
  • Wang, J., X. Xu, D. K. Henze, Q. Ji, S.-C. Tsay, J. Huang, Top-Down Estimate of Dust Emissions through Integration of MODIS and MISR Aerosol Retrievals with the GEOS-Chem adjoint model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08802.
  • Wecht, K. J., D. J. Jacob, S. C. Wofsy, E. A. Kort, J. R. Worden, S. S. Kulawik, D. K. Henze, M. Kopacz, and V. H. Payne, Validation of TES methane with HIPPO aircraft observations: implications for inverse modeling of methane sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1823-1832.
  • Singh, K. and A. Sandu (2012). "Variational chemical data assimilation with approximate adjoints." Computers and Geosciences 40: 10-18.

• 2011
  • Jiang, Z., D. B. A. Jones, M. Kopacz, J. Liu, D. K. Henze, and C. Heald, Quantifying the impact of model errors on top-down estimates of carbon monoxide emissions using satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D15306, doi:10.1029/2010JD015282.
  • Jiang, Z., D. B. A. Jones, M. Kopacz, J. Liu, D. K. Henze, and C. Heald (2011), Quantifying the impact of model errors on top-down estimates of carbon monoxide emissions using satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D15306, doi:10.1029/2010JD015282.
  • Kopacz, M., D. L. Mauzerall, J. Wang, E. M. Leibensperger, D. K. Henze, and K. Singh, Origin and radiative forcing of black carbon transported to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2837-2852.

• 2010
  • Kopacz, M., D. J. Jacob, J. A. Fisher, J. A. Logan, L. Zhang, I. A Megretskaia, R. M. Yantosca, K. Singh, D. K. Henze, J. P. Burrows, M. Buchwitz, I. Khlystova, W. W. McMillan, J. C. Gille, D. P. Edwards, A. Eldering, V. Thouret, and P. Nedelec (2010), Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES), Atoms. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876.
  • Kopacz, M., D.J. Jacob, J.A. Fisher, J. A. Logan, L. Zhang, I. A. Megretskaia, R. M. Yantosca, K. Singh, D. K. Henze, J. P. Burrows, M. Buchwitz, I. Khlystova, W. W. McMillan, J. C. Gille, D. P. Edwards, A. Eldering, V. Thouret, and P. Nedelec (2010): Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876. http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/855/2010/acp-10-855-2010.
  • Parrington, M., P. I. Palmer, D. K. Henze, D. W. Tarasick, E. J. Hyer, R. C. Owen, C. Clerbaux, K. W. Bowman, M. N. Deeter, E. M. Barratt, P.-F. Coheur, D. Hurtmans, M. George, and J. R. Worden (2012), The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 2077-2098
  • Singh, K., Jardak, M., Sandu, A., Bowman, K., Lee, M., and Jones, D. (2010): Construction of non-diagonal background error covariance matrices for global chemical data assimilation, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., 3, 1783-1827, doi:10.5194/gmdd-3-1783-2010. http://www.geosci-model-dev-discuss.net/3/1783/2010/gmdd-3-1783-2010.html

• 2009
  • Eller, P., K. Singh, A. Sandu, K. Bowman, D. K. Henze, and M. Lee (2009), Implementation and evaluation of an array of chemical solvers in a global chemical transport model, Geosci. Mod. Devel., 2, 185-207.
  • Henze, D. K., J. H. Seinfeld and D. T. Shindell, (2009), Inverse modeling and mapping U.S. air quality influences of inorganic PM2.5 precursor emissions with the adjoint of GEOS-Chem, Atoms. Chem. Phys., 9, 5877-5903.
  • Kopacz, M., D. J. Jacob, D. K. Henze, C. L. Heald, D. G. Streets, and Q. Zhang (2009), A comparison of analytical and adjoint Bayesian inversion methods for constraining Asian sources of CO using satellite (MOPITT) measurements of CO columns, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04305, doi:10.1029/2007JD009264.
  • Pye, H. O. T., H. Liao, S. Wu, L. J. Mickely, D. J. Jacob, D. K. Henze, and J. H. Seinfeld (2009), Effect of changes in climate and emissions on future sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol levels in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01205, doi:10.1029/2008JD010701.
  • Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, M. Kopacz, D. K. Henze, K. Singh, and D. A. Jaffe (2009), Intercontinental source attribution of ozone pollution at western U.S. sites using an adjoint method, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L11810, doi:10.1029/2009GL037950.

• 2007
  • Henze, D. K., A. Hakami and J. H. Seinfeld (2007), Development of the adjoint of GEOS-Chem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2413-2433.

Conference proceedings

• Adjoint inversion of CO sources using combined MOPITT, SCIAMACHY and AIRS CO columns, presented by Monika Kopacz at the COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Montreal, July 18, 2008. http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/presentations/powerpoints/mak2008/COSPAR_MKopacz_July2008.ppt

• Singh, K., P. Eller, A. Sandu, D. K. Henze, K. Bowman, M. Kopacz, and M. Lee (2009), Towards the construction of a standard geos-chem adjoint model, ACM High Performance Computing Conference.

• Kopacz, M., Mauzerall, D.L., Leibensperger, E.M., Wang, J., Henze, D.K., Singh, K., Shim, C. Identifying the origin and estimating the radiative forcing of BC in the Himalayas: an analysis using the global GEOS-Chem adjoint model, European Geophysical Union meeting, Vienna, May 4, 2010.

• Kopacz, M., Jacob, D.J., Fisher, J.A., Logan, J.A., Zhang, L., Megretskaia, I.A., Yantosca, R.M., Singh, K., Henze, D.K., Burrows, J.P., Buchwitz, M., Khlystova, I., McMillan, W.W., Gille, J.C., Edwards, D.P., Eldering, A., Thouret, V., Nedelec, P. Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES), European Geophysical Union meeting, Vienna, May 7, 2010.

• Tang, J., Zhuang, Q. and Xiong, X. (2010), 4D-Var inversion of atmospheric methane fluxes by assimilating SCIAMACHY and AIRS satellite retrievals, AGU, Dec. 18, 2010, http:/web.ics.purdue.edu/~tang16/agu2010_tang.ppt

• Bousserez, N., R. V. Martin, K. W. Bowman, D.K. Henze, M. Kopacz, K. Singh, C. Shim, C. Wespes, Improving the lightning NOx source using satellite observations: a 4D-var analysis approach, AGU, Dec., 2010, http://myweb.dal.ca/nc689777/AGU_liNOx_poster_final.pdf