https://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Ray&feedformat=atomGeos-chem - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T08:44:24ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.24.2https://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=34269Carbon Cycle Working Group2017-09-28T21:47:12Z<p>Ray: A long overdue update regarding new features in v10-01.</p>
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<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
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== Contact information ==<br />
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{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC" width="300px"|Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs<br />
|width="600px"|<br />
*[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
*[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan B.A. Jones]<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|Carbon Cycle Working Group email list<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] g.harvard.edu</tt><br />
<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|To subscribe to email list<br />
|Either<br />
*Send an email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon+subscribe [at] g.harvard.edu</tt><br />
Or:<br />
*Go to the [https://groups.google.com/a/g.harvard.edu/forum/#!forum/geos-chem-carbon GEOS-Chem Carbon Cycle Google Group]<br />
*Click on '''Subscribe to this group'''<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|To unsubscribe from email list<br />
|Either<br />
*Send an email to <tt>geos-chem-adjoint+unsubscribe [at] g.harvard.edu</tt><br />
Or<br />
*Go to the [https://groups.google.com/a/g.harvard.edu/forum/#!forum/geos-chem-carbon GEOS-Chem Carbon Cycle Google Group]<br />
*Click on the '''My Settings''' button<br />
*Click on '''Leave this group'''<br />
<br />
|}<br />
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--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 16:37, 21 August 2015 (UTC)<br />
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== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Improved methane simulation (Gridded EPA inventory, JPL wetland emissions, CH4 + Cl sink)<br />
|[http://jdmaasakkers.github.io/ Bram Maasakkers]<br>[http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~mpayer/ Melissa Sulprizio]<br>[http://www.prism.gatech.edu/~yzhang425/ Yuzhong Zhang]<br />
|4 May 2017<br />
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|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
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|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
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|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
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|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|UEA<br />
|CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
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|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
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|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
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|-<br />
| CO2/CH4/CO<br />
| U. Wollongong<br />
|Joint simulation and source/sink estimation based on remote sensing and in situ (fixed and moving platforms) measurements in Australia<br />
|[mailto:bb907@uowmail.edu.au Beata Bukosa]<br />
|13 April 2017<br />
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|-<br />
| CO2<br />
| FSU<br />
|Arctic CO2 transport and surface fluxes<br />
|[mailto:cdholmes@fsu.edu Chris Holmes] [mailto:kag16e@my.fsu.edu Kelly Graham]<br />
|May 2017<br />
|}<br />
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== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
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|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
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|}<br />
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--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
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== Development Priorities ==<br />
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{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|Included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|Included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|Included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| Work completed and described in Fisher et al., submitted to GMDD April 2017. To be included in v11-02 or later.<br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| In Development [mailto:bb907@uowmail.edu.au Beata Bukosa]<br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
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--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
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== Recent updates ==<br />
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The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
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{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="75px"|Version<br />
!width="75px"|Released<br />
!width="600px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Contact<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem v10-01|v10-01]]<br />
|Jun 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Simple Biosphere (SiB3) model balanced biosphere fluxes (2006-2010) for CO2 simulation]], implemented via [[HEMCO]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|v10-01<br />
|Jun 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Scaled Takahashi et al. (2009) Ocean CO2 fluxes for 2000-2013 for CO2 simulation]], implemented via [[HEMCO]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
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|-valign="top"<br />
|v10-01<br />
|Jun 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC v2013 national fossil fuel combustion emissions for 2000-2014 for CO2 simulation]], implemented via [[HEMCO]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
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|-valign="top"<br />
|v10-01<br />
|Jun 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|TIMES weekly and diurnal fossil fuel temporal scaling factors for CO2 simulation]], implemented via [[HEMCO]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
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|-valign="top"<br />
|v10-01<br />
|Jun 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Extended time range for CDIAC, chemical CO2 source, shipping and aviation scale factors for CO2 simulation]], implemented via [[HEMCO]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
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|-valign="top"<br />
|v10-01<br />
|June 2015<br />
|[[HEMCO|The HEMCO emissions component]] now handles all emissions in GEOS-Chem v10-01 and higher versions.<br />
|Christoph Keller (fmr Harvard)<br>[[GCST]]<br />
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|-valign="top"<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-01]]<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
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--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 15:38, 23 February 2016 (UTC)<br />
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The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
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{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="75px"|Version<br />
!width="75px"|Released<br />
!width="600px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Contact<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem v11-01|v11-01]]<br />
|TBD 2016<br />
|The FlexChem chemical solver will completely replace SMVGEAR. All full-chemistry simulations going forward will use FlexChem (which is based on the KPP solver package).<br />
|Mike Long (Harvard)<br>[[GCST]]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
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--[[User:Bmy|Bob Yantosca]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 15:38, 23 February 2016 (UTC)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=23309CO2 simulation2015-09-04T17:54:31Z<p>Ray: /* v10-01 additional update and bug fix (September 2015) */</p>
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<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== v8-03-02 update (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
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== v10-01 update (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. Major changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
The CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission updates are the following:<br />
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1) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) gridded data has been updated to include additional years [Andres et al. 2011] – CDIAC v2014 now extends to 2011 and RN has applied BP scaling for 2012 and 2013 with a projection for 2014 based on the Global Carbon Project values.<br />
<br />
2) Open-source Data Inventory for Atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions (ODIAC version 2013) fossil fuel option is now added [Oda and Maksyutov, 2011], which is known to have a more reliable spatial distribution for large countries but is consistent with an earlier version of CDIAC version for national emission totals.<br />
<br />
3) Temporal Improvements for Monitoring Emissions by Scaling (TIMES) is now added [Nassar et al., 2013], which introduces weekly and diurnal variations to national fossil fuel emissions<br />
<br />
4) The Takahashi et al. (2009) ocean fluxes in the model were included as a 1-year climatology corresponding to the year 2000 with a sink of 1.4 PgC. The same paper also describes a method for scaling the Takahashi et al. (2009) fluxes with year-specific atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> to yield year specific fluxes with an increasing global sink. This approach has been applied to scale the fluxes for 2000-2013 inclusive with an ocean sink ranging from (1.4 to 2.6 PgC/yr).<br />
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5) Balanced biospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> uptake and emission from the Simple Biospheric Model version 3 (SiB3) for the years 2006-2010 from Nick Parazoo [Messerschmidt et al. 2012]<br />
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6) Aviation emissions spatial and temporal distributions now come from AEIC. Updates to the scaling factors for the global annual emission amount from the International Energy Agency [Olsen et al., 2013] are now used for 1990-2008. A new system for aviation surface correction factors is now implemented which scales national fossil fuel emissions by a factor slightly less than 1 in order to remove the estimated contribution from domestic aviation emission, which is counted in the air instead of at the surface.<br />
<br />
7) The chemical source of CO<span><sub>2</sub> now spans a larger time period 2000-2009. The 2008 chemical source was recalculated with GFED for 2008, which was unavailable at the time of the previous update. A 2009 chemical source is now added. The surface correction approach has been revised such that the magnitude of the fossil fuel surface correction is now year specific for 1980-2014. In v8-03-02, the percentage of fossil fuel carbon emissions released as CO (and other carbon species like CH<sub>4</sub> and non-methane hydrocarbons) was assumed to be 4.89% based on the work of Suntharalingam et al. [2005], with no temporal dependence. However, studies have demonstrated that even as fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions have continually risen for decades, fossil fuel CO emissions have held essentially constant since about 1980 at 500-600 Tg CO/year [Granier et al., 2011]. Fossil fuel CH<sub>4</sub> is also found to be roughly constant at 80 TgCH<sub>4</sub>/yr in CarbonTracker-CH<sub>4</sub>. In GEOS-Chem v10-01, the fossil fuel emission surface correction for the chemical source from Nassar et al. [2010] has been modified based on the decreasing CO/CO<span><sub>2</sub> and CH4/CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission ratios, attributed to improved technology in both developed and developing countries, demonstrated by roughly constant CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions despite increasing CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions. The surface correction goes from 5.28% in 1980 and decreases to 2.84% in 2013, replacing the constant value of 4.89% prior to v10-01. This new approach assumes a negligible percentage of fossil fuel carbon from sources other than CO<span><sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> (such as non-methane hydrocarbons) and assumes that the combustion completeness is globally-uniform. The assumption of global uniformity, though not a good assumption for the past, is becoming more reasonable as the developed countries adopt cleaner combustion technology releasing less non-CO<span><sub>2</sub> carbon species. Note that for the 3D emission sources, both aviation CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions and CO<span><sub>2</sub> chemical production, there has been a change in emission units to molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>/s instead of molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>/s, for consistency with HEMCO implementation in other parts of GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Nassar et al. (2010) remains the recommended reference for the GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation from v8-03-02 to the present version.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
Andres. R.J., J.S Gregg, L. Losey, G. Marland, T.A. Boden (2011), Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus 63B, 309-327.<br />
<br />
Granier, C., et al. (2011), Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109:163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1.<br />
<br />
Keller, C.A., M.S. Long, R.M. Yantosca, A.M. DaSilva, S. Pawson, D.J. Jacob (2014), HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMF-compliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci., Model Dev., 7, 1409–1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014.<br />
<br />
Messerschmidt, J., N. Parazoo, N.M. Deutscher, C. Roehl, T. Warneke, P.O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch (2012), Evaluation of atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussions, 12, 12759-12800, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12759-2012. <br />
<br />
Nassar, R., D.B.A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J.M. Chen, R.J. Andres, K.J. Wecht, R.M. Yantosca, S.S. Kulawik, K.W. Bowman, J.R. Worden, T. Machida and H. Matsueda (2010), Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 689-716.<br />
<br />
Nassar, R., L. Napier-Linton, K.R. Gurney, R.J. Andres, T. Oda, F.R. Vogel, F. Deng (2013), Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from global fossil fuel emission datasets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 917-933, doi:10.1029/2012JD018196.<br />
<br />
Oda, T. and S. Maksyutov (2011), A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011.<br />
<br />
Olsen, S.C., D.J. Weubbles, B. Owen (2013), Comparison of global 3-D aviation datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 429–441, doi:10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.<br />
<br />
Simone, N., M. Stettler, S. Eastham, S. Barrett, Aviation Emissions Inventory Code (AEIC) User Manual (R1), Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2013, Report No: LAE-2013-001-N, www.LAE.MIT.edu.<br />
<br />
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., K¨ortzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.<br />
<br />
--Ray Nassar, 2015 May 12<br />
<br />
===Additional Update and Bug Fix===<br />
<br />
1) The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is now available (as of September 4, 2015). The file contains data for 1980-2014. For 1980-2011 the data come directly from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) 1x1 gridded dataset (Andres et al., 2011) version 2014. For 2012-2014, the CDIAC year 2011 spatial and seasonal distribution has been scaled using the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015. The ratio of emissions from each year (2012-2014) against 2011 emissions for the 20 highest CO<span><sub>2</sub> emitting countries and for the remainder of the world from the BP data, were used to scale the spatial-temporal CDIAC distributions for 2011. Note: there are differences in the component CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions in the CDIAC and BP methodologies, but this should not be a major factor such that this approach is considered better than the simple alternative approach of simply using 2011 for subsequent years.<br />
<br />
2) A new file is now available for CASA balanced biosphere fluxes. This file has been reprocessed to replace an error in the earlier available version, which was based on CASA bpch files from back in 2005. For some reason, the file for day of year 189 was renamed to “nep.geos.2x25.189.orig” and the file for day 188 was copied and renamed to “nep.geos.2x25.189” so there was a resulting anomaly in the date-times in the netCDF file since actual date-times for day 189 were missing, and day 188 appeared twice. This has now been corrected using day 189.orig to create a new netCDF file so that there are no oddities with dates in the file.<br />
<br />
--Ray Nassar, 2015 September 4<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=23307Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-09-04T15:47:29Z<p>Ray: /* Recent updates */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC" width="300px"|Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs<br />
|width="600px"|<br />
*[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
*[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan B.A. Jones]<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|Carbon Cycle Working Group email list<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] g.harvard.edu</tt><br />
<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|To subscribe to email list<br />
|Either<br />
*Send an email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon+subscribe [at] g.harvard.edu</tt><br />
Or:<br />
*Go to the [https://groups.google.com/a/g.harvard.edu/forum/#!forum/geos-chem-carbon GEOS-Chem Carbon Cycle Google Group]<br />
*Click on '''Subscribe to this group'''<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
!bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|To unsubscribe from email list<br />
|Either<br />
*Send an email to <tt>geos-chem-adjoint+unsubscribe [at] g.harvard.edu</tt><br />
Or<br />
*Go to the [https://groups.google.com/a/g.harvard.edu/forum/#!forum/geos-chem-carbon GEOS-Chem Carbon Cycle Google Group]<br />
*Click on the '''My Settings''' button<br />
*Click on '''Leave this group'''<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] ([[User talk:Bmy|talk]]) 16:37, 21 August 2015 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|UEA<br />
|CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)<br />
<br />
The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Simple Biosphere (SiB3) model balanced biosphere fluxes (2006-2010) for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Scaled Takahashi et al. (2009) Ocean CO2 fluxes for 2000-2013 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC v2013 national fossil fuel combustion emissions for 2000-2014 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|TIMES weekly and diurnal fossil fuel temporal scaling factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Extended time range for CDIAC, chemical CO2 source, shipping and aviation scale factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[Ray Nassar]] 2015 April 14, 17:42 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21108CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:58:01Z<p>Ray: /* Update in v10-01 (May 2015) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== v8-03-02 update (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== v10-01 update (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. Major changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
The CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission updates are the following:<br />
<br />
1) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) gridded data has been updated to include additional years [Andres et al. 2011] – CDIAC v2014 now extends to 2011 and RN has applied BP scaling for 2012 and 2013 with a projection for 2014 based on the Global Carbon Project values.<br />
<br />
2) Open-source Data Inventory for Atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions (ODIAC version 2013) fossil fuel option is now added [Oda and Maksyutov, 2011], which is known to have a more reliable spatial distribution for large countries but is consistent with an earlier version of CDIAC version for national emission totals.<br />
<br />
3) Temporal Improvements for Monitoring Emissions by Scaling (TIMES) is now added [Nassar et al., 2013], which introduces weekly and diurnal variations to national fossil fuel emissions<br />
<br />
4) The Takahashi et al. (2009) ocean fluxes in the model were included as a 1-year climatology corresponding to the year 2000 with a sink of 1.4 PgC. The same paper also describes a method for scaling the Takahashi et al. (2009) fluxes with year-specific atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> to yield year specific fluxes with an increasing global sink. This approach has been applied to scale the fluxes for 2000-2013 inclusive with an ocean sink ranging from (1.4 to 2.6 PgC/yr).<br />
<br />
5) Balanced biospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> uptake and emission from the Simple Biospheric Model version 3 (SiB3) for the years 2006-2010 from Nick Parazoo [Messerschmidt et al. 2012]<br />
<br />
6) Aviation emissions spatial and temporal distributions now come from AEIC. Updates to the scaling factors for the global annual emission amount from the International Energy Agency [Olsen et al., 2013] are now used for 1990-2008. A new system for aviation surface correction factors is now implemented which scales national fossil fuel emissions by a factor slightly less than 1 in order to remove the estimated contribution from domestic aviation emission, which is counted in the air instead of at the surface.<br />
<br />
7) The chemical source of CO<span><sub>2</sub> now spans a larger time period 2000-2009. The 2008 chemical source was recalculated with GFED for 2008, which was unavailable at the time of the previous update. A 2009 chemical source is now added. The surface correction approach has been revised such that the magnitude of the fossil fuel surface correction is now year specific for 1980-2014. In v8-03-02, the percentage of fossil fuel carbon emissions released as CO (and other carbon species like CH<sub>4</sub> and non-methane hydrocarbons) was assumed to be 4.89% based on the work of Suntharalingam et al. [2005], with no temporal dependence. However, studies have demonstrated that even as fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions have continually risen for decades, fossil fuel CO emissions have held essentially constant since about 1980 at 500-600 Tg CO/year [Granier et al., 2011]. Fossil fuel CH<sub>4</sub> is also found to be roughly constant at 80 TgCH<sub>4</sub>/yr in CarbonTracker-CH<sub>4</sub>. In GEOS-Chem v10-01, the fossil fuel emission surface correction for the chemical source from Nassar et al. [2010] has been modified based on the decreasing CO/CO<span><sub>2</sub> and CH4/CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission ratios, attributed to improved technology in both developed and developing countries, demonstrated by roughly constant CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions despite increasing CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions. The surface correction goes from 5.28% in 1980 and decreases to 2.84% in 2013, replacing the constant value of 4.89% prior to v10-01. This new approach assumes a negligible percentage of fossil fuel carbon from sources other than CO<span><sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> (such as non-methane hydrocarbons) and assumes that the combustion completeness is globally-uniform. The assumption of global uniformity, though not a good assumption for the past, is becoming more reasonable as the developed countries adopt cleaner combustion technology releasing less non-CO<span><sub>2</sub> carbon species. Note that for the 3D emission sources, both aviation CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions and CO<span><sub>2</sub> chemical production, there has been a change in emission units to molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>/s instead of molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>/s, for consistency with HEMCO implementation in other parts of GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Nassar et al. (2010) remains the recommended reference for the GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation from v8-03-02 and the present version.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
Andres. R.J., J.S Gregg, L. Losey, G. Marland, T.A. Boden (2011), Montly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus 63B, 309-327.<br />
<br />
Granier, C., et al. (2011), Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109:163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1.<br />
<br />
Keller, C.A., M.S. Long, R.M. Yantosca, A.M. DaSilva, S. Pawson, D.J. Jacob (2014), HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMF-compliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci., Model Dev., 7, 1409–1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014.<br />
<br />
Messerschmidt, J., N. Parazoo, N.M. Deutscher, C. Roehl, T. Warneke, P.O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch (2012), Evaluation of atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussions, 12, 12759-12800, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12759-2012. <br />
<br />
Nassar, R., D.B.A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J.M. Chen, R.J. Andres, K.J. Wecht, R.M. Yantosca, S.S. Kulawik, K.W. Bowman, J.R. Worden, T. Machida and H. Matsueda (2010), Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 689-716.<br />
<br />
Nassar, R., L. Napier-Linton, K.R. Gurney, R.J. Andres, T. Oda, F.R. Vogel, F. Deng (2013), Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from global fossil fuel emission datasets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 917-933, doi:10.1029/2012JD018196.<br />
<br />
Oda, T. and S. Maksyutov (2011), A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011.<br />
<br />
Olsen, S.C., D.J. Weubbles, B. Owen (2013), Comparison of global 3-D aviation datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 429–441, doi:10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.<br />
<br />
Simone, N., M. Stettler, S. Eastham, S. Barrett, Aviation Emissions Inventory Code (AEIC) User Manual (R1), Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2013, Report No: LAE-2013-001-N, www.LAE.MIT.edu.<br />
<br />
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., K¨ortzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.<br />
<br />
--Ray Nassar, 2015 May 12<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21107CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:57:49Z<p>Ray: /* Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== v8-03-02 update (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. Major changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
The CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission updates are the following:<br />
<br />
1) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) gridded data has been updated to include additional years [Andres et al. 2011] – CDIAC v2014 now extends to 2011 and RN has applied BP scaling for 2012 and 2013 with a projection for 2014 based on the Global Carbon Project values.<br />
<br />
2) Open-source Data Inventory for Atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions (ODIAC version 2013) fossil fuel option is now added [Oda and Maksyutov, 2011], which is known to have a more reliable spatial distribution for large countries but is consistent with an earlier version of CDIAC version for national emission totals.<br />
<br />
3) Temporal Improvements for Monitoring Emissions by Scaling (TIMES) is now added [Nassar et al., 2013], which introduces weekly and diurnal variations to national fossil fuel emissions<br />
<br />
4) The Takahashi et al. (2009) ocean fluxes in the model were included as a 1-year climatology corresponding to the year 2000 with a sink of 1.4 PgC. The same paper also describes a method for scaling the Takahashi et al. (2009) fluxes with year-specific atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> to yield year specific fluxes with an increasing global sink. This approach has been applied to scale the fluxes for 2000-2013 inclusive with an ocean sink ranging from (1.4 to 2.6 PgC/yr).<br />
<br />
5) Balanced biospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> uptake and emission from the Simple Biospheric Model version 3 (SiB3) for the years 2006-2010 from Nick Parazoo [Messerschmidt et al. 2012]<br />
<br />
6) Aviation emissions spatial and temporal distributions now come from AEIC. Updates to the scaling factors for the global annual emission amount from the International Energy Agency [Olsen et al., 2013] are now used for 1990-2008. A new system for aviation surface correction factors is now implemented which scales national fossil fuel emissions by a factor slightly less than 1 in order to remove the estimated contribution from domestic aviation emission, which is counted in the air instead of at the surface.<br />
<br />
7) The chemical source of CO<span><sub>2</sub> now spans a larger time period 2000-2009. The 2008 chemical source was recalculated with GFED for 2008, which was unavailable at the time of the previous update. A 2009 chemical source is now added. The surface correction approach has been revised such that the magnitude of the fossil fuel surface correction is now year specific for 1980-2014. In v8-03-02, the percentage of fossil fuel carbon emissions released as CO (and other carbon species like CH<sub>4</sub> and non-methane hydrocarbons) was assumed to be 4.89% based on the work of Suntharalingam et al. [2005], with no temporal dependence. However, studies have demonstrated that even as fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions have continually risen for decades, fossil fuel CO emissions have held essentially constant since about 1980 at 500-600 Tg CO/year [Granier et al., 2011]. Fossil fuel CH<sub>4</sub> is also found to be roughly constant at 80 TgCH<sub>4</sub>/yr in CarbonTracker-CH<sub>4</sub>. In GEOS-Chem v10-01, the fossil fuel emission surface correction for the chemical source from Nassar et al. [2010] has been modified based on the decreasing CO/CO<span><sub>2</sub> and CH4/CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission ratios, attributed to improved technology in both developed and developing countries, demonstrated by roughly constant CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions despite increasing CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions. The surface correction goes from 5.28% in 1980 and decreases to 2.84% in 2013, replacing the constant value of 4.89% prior to v10-01. This new approach assumes a negligible percentage of fossil fuel carbon from sources other than CO<span><sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> (such as non-methane hydrocarbons) and assumes that the combustion completeness is globally-uniform. The assumption of global uniformity, though not a good assumption for the past, is becoming more reasonable as the developed countries adopt cleaner combustion technology releasing less non-CO<span><sub>2</sub> carbon species. Note that for the 3D emission sources, both aviation CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions and CO<span><sub>2</sub> chemical production, there has been a change in emission units to molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>/s instead of molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>/s, for consistency with HEMCO implementation in other parts of GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Nassar et al. (2010) remains the recommended reference for the GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation from v8-03-02 and the present version.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
Andres. R.J., J.S Gregg, L. Losey, G. Marland, T.A. Boden (2011), Montly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus 63B, 309-327.<br />
<br />
Granier, C., et al. (2011), Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109:163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1.<br />
<br />
Keller, C.A., M.S. Long, R.M. Yantosca, A.M. DaSilva, S. Pawson, D.J. Jacob (2014), HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMF-compliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci., Model Dev., 7, 1409–1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014.<br />
<br />
Messerschmidt, J., N. Parazoo, N.M. Deutscher, C. Roehl, T. Warneke, P.O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch (2012), Evaluation of atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussions, 12, 12759-12800, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12759-2012. <br />
<br />
Nassar, R., D.B.A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J.M. Chen, R.J. Andres, K.J. Wecht, R.M. Yantosca, S.S. Kulawik, K.W. Bowman, J.R. Worden, T. Machida and H. Matsueda (2010), Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 689-716.<br />
<br />
Nassar, R., L. Napier-Linton, K.R. Gurney, R.J. Andres, T. Oda, F.R. Vogel, F. Deng (2013), Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from global fossil fuel emission datasets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 917-933, doi:10.1029/2012JD018196.<br />
<br />
Oda, T. and S. Maksyutov (2011), A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011.<br />
<br />
Olsen, S.C., D.J. Weubbles, B. Owen (2013), Comparison of global 3-D aviation datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 429–441, doi:10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.<br />
<br />
Simone, N., M. Stettler, S. Eastham, S. Barrett, Aviation Emissions Inventory Code (AEIC) User Manual (R1), Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2013, Report No: LAE-2013-001-N, www.LAE.MIT.edu.<br />
<br />
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., K¨ortzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.<br />
<br />
--Ray Nassar, 2015 May 12<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21106CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:57:11Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. Major changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
The CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission updates are the following:<br />
<br />
1) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) gridded data has been updated to include additional years [Andres et al. 2011] – CDIAC v2014 now extends to 2011 and RN has applied BP scaling for 2012 and 2013 with a projection for 2014 based on the Global Carbon Project values.<br />
<br />
2) Open-source Data Inventory for Atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions (ODIAC version 2013) fossil fuel option is now added [Oda and Maksyutov, 2011], which is known to have a more reliable spatial distribution for large countries but is consistent with an earlier version of CDIAC version for national emission totals.<br />
<br />
3) Temporal Improvements for Monitoring Emissions by Scaling (TIMES) is now added [Nassar et al., 2013], which introduces weekly and diurnal variations to national fossil fuel emissions<br />
<br />
4) The Takahashi et al. (2009) ocean fluxes in the model were included as a 1-year climatology corresponding to the year 2000 with a sink of 1.4 PgC. The same paper also describes a method for scaling the Takahashi et al. (2009) fluxes with year-specific atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> to yield year specific fluxes with an increasing global sink. This approach has been applied to scale the fluxes for 2000-2013 inclusive with an ocean sink ranging from (1.4 to 2.6 PgC/yr).<br />
<br />
5) Balanced biospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> uptake and emission from the Simple Biospheric Model version 3 (SiB3) for the years 2006-2010 from Nick Parazoo [Messerschmidt et al. 2012]<br />
<br />
6) Aviation emissions spatial and temporal distributions now come from AEIC. Updates to the scaling factors for the global annual emission amount from the International Energy Agency [Olsen et al., 2013] are now used for 1990-2008. A new system for aviation surface correction factors is now implemented which scales national fossil fuel emissions by a factor slightly less than 1 in order to remove the estimated contribution from domestic aviation emission, which is counted in the air instead of at the surface.<br />
<br />
7) The chemical source of CO<span><sub>2</sub> now spans a larger time period 2000-2009. The 2008 chemical source was recalculated with GFED for 2008, which was unavailable at the time of the previous update. A 2009 chemical source is now added. The surface correction approach has been revised such that the magnitude of the fossil fuel surface correction is now year specific for 1980-2014. In v8-03-02, the percentage of fossil fuel carbon emissions released as CO (and other carbon species like CH<sub>4</sub> and non-methane hydrocarbons) was assumed to be 4.89% based on the work of Suntharalingam et al. [2005], with no temporal dependence. However, studies have demonstrated that even as fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions have continually risen for decades, fossil fuel CO emissions have held essentially constant since about 1980 at 500-600 Tg CO/year [Granier et al., 2011]. Fossil fuel CH<sub>4</sub> is also found to be roughly constant at 80 TgCH<sub>4</sub>/yr in CarbonTracker-CH<sub>4</sub>. In GEOS-Chem v10-01, the fossil fuel emission surface correction for the chemical source from Nassar et al. [2010] has been modified based on the decreasing CO/CO<span><sub>2</sub> and CH4/CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission ratios, attributed to improved technology in both developed and developing countries, demonstrated by roughly constant CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions despite increasing CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions. The surface correction goes from 5.28% in 1980 and decreases to 2.84% in 2013, replacing the constant value of 4.89% prior to v10-01. This new approach assumes a negligible percentage of fossil fuel carbon from sources other than CO<span><sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> (such as non-methane hydrocarbons) and assumes that the combustion completeness is globally-uniform. The assumption of global uniformity, though not a good assumption for the past, is becoming more reasonable as the developed countries adopt cleaner combustion technology releasing less non-CO<span><sub>2</sub> carbon species. Note that for the 3D emission sources, both aviation CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions and CO<span><sub>2</sub> chemical production, there has been a change in emission units to molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>/s instead of molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>/s, for consistency with HEMCO implementation in other parts of GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Nassar et al. (2010) remains the recommended reference for the GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation from v8-03-02 and the present version.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
Andres. R.J., J.S Gregg, L. Losey, G. Marland, T.A. Boden (2011), Montly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus 63B, 309-327.<br />
<br />
Granier, C., et al. (2011), Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109:163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1.<br />
<br />
Keller, C.A., M.S. Long, R.M. Yantosca, A.M. DaSilva, S. Pawson, D.J. Jacob (2014), HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMF-compliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci., Model Dev., 7, 1409–1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014.<br />
<br />
Messerschmidt, J., N. Parazoo, N.M. Deutscher, C. Roehl, T. Warneke, P.O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch (2012), Evaluation of atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussions, 12, 12759-12800, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12759-2012. <br />
<br />
Nassar, R., D.B.A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J.M. Chen, R.J. Andres, K.J. Wecht, R.M. Yantosca, S.S. Kulawik, K.W. Bowman, J.R. Worden, T. Machida and H. Matsueda (2010), Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 689-716.<br />
<br />
Nassar, R., L. Napier-Linton, K.R. Gurney, R.J. Andres, T. Oda, F.R. Vogel, F. Deng (2013), Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from global fossil fuel emission datasets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 917-933, doi:10.1029/2012JD018196.<br />
<br />
Oda, T. and S. Maksyutov (2011), A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011.<br />
<br />
Olsen, S.C., D.J. Weubbles, B. Owen (2013), Comparison of global 3-D aviation datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 429–441, doi:10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.<br />
<br />
Simone, N., M. Stettler, S. Eastham, S. Barrett, Aviation Emissions Inventory Code (AEIC) User Manual (R1), Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2013, Report No: LAE-2013-001-N, www.LAE.MIT.edu.<br />
<br />
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., K¨ortzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.<br />
<br />
--Ray Nassar, 2015 May 12<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21105CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:52:50Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. Major changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
The CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission updates are the following:<br />
<br />
1) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) gridded data has been updated to include additional years [Andres et al. 2011] – CDIAC v2014 now extends to 2011 and RN has applied BP scaling for 2012 and 2013 with a projection for 2014 based on the Global Carbon Project values.<br />
<br />
2) Open-source Data Inventory for Atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions (ODIAC version 2013) fossil fuel option is now added [Oda and Maksyutov, 2011], which is known to have a more reliable spatial distribution for large countries but is consistent with an earlier version of CDIAC version for national emission totals.<br />
<br />
3) Temporal Improvements for Monitoring Emissions by Scaling (TIMES) is now added [Nassar et al., 2013], which introduces weekly and diurnal variations to national fossil fuel emissions<br />
<br />
4) The Takahashi et al. (2009) ocean fluxes in the model were included as a 1-year climatology corresponding to the year 2000 with a sink of 1.4 PgC. The same paper also describes a method for scaling the Takahashi et al. (2009) fluxes with year-specific atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> to yield year specific fluxes with an increasing global sink. This approach has been applied to scale the fluxes for 2000-2013 inclusive with an ocean sink ranging from (1.4 to 2.6 PgC/yr).<br />
<br />
5) Balanced biospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> uptake and emission from the Simple Biospheric Model version 3 (SiB3) for the years 2006-2010 from Nick Parazoo [Messerschmidt et al. 2012]<br />
<br />
6) Aviation emissions spatial and temporal distributions now come from AEIC. Updates to the scaling factors for the global annual emission amount from the International Energy Agency [Olsen et al., 2013] are now used for 1990-2008. A new system for aviation surface correction factors is now implemented which scales national fossil fuel emissions by a factor slightly less than 1 in order to remove the estimated contribution from domestic aviation emission, which is counted in the air instead of at the surface.<br />
<br />
7) The chemical source of CO<span><sub>2</sub> now spans a larger time period 2000-2009. The 2008 chemical source was recalculated with GFED for 2008, which was unavailable at the time of the previous update. A 2009 chemical source is now added. The surface correction approach has been revised such that the magnitude of the fossil fuel surface correction is now year specific for 1980-2014. In v8-03-02, the percentage of fossil fuel carbon emissions released as CO (and other carbon species like CH<sub>4</sub> and non-methane hydrocarbons) was assumed to be 4.89% based on the work of Suntharalingam et al. [2005], with no temporal dependence. However, studies have demonstrated that even as fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions have continually risen for decades, fossil fuel CO emissions have held essentially constant since about 1980 at 500-600 Tg CO/year [Granier et al., 2011]. Fossil fuel CH<sub>4</sub> is also found to be roughly constant at 80 TgCH<sub>4</sub>/yr in CarbonTracker-CH<sub>4</sub>. In GEOS-Chem v10-01, the fossil fuel emission surface correction for the chemical source from Nassar et al. [2010] has been modified based on the decreasing CO/CO<span><sub>2</sub> and CH4/CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission ratios, attributed to improved technology in both developed and developing countries, demonstrated by roughly constant CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions despite increasing CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions. The surface correction goes from 5.28% in 1980 and decreases to 2.84% in 2013, replacing the constant value of 4.89% prior to v10-01. This new approach assumes a negligible percentage of fossil fuel carbon from sources other than CO<span><sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> (such as non-methane hydrocarbons) and assumes that the combustion completeness is globally-uniform. The assumption of global uniformity, though not a good assumption for the past, is becoming more reasonable as the developed countries adopt cleaner combustion technology releasing less non-CO<span><sub>2</sub> carbon species. Note that for the 3D emission sources, both aviation CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions and CO<span><sub>2</sub> chemical production, there has been a change in emission units to molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>/s instead of molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>/s, for consistency with HEMCO implementation in other parts of GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Nassar et al. (2010) remains the recommended reference for the GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation from v8-03-02 and the present version.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
Andres. R.J., J.S Gregg, L. Losey, G. Marland, T.A. Boden (2011), Montly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus 63B, 309-327.<br />
<br />
Granier, C., et al. (2011), Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109:163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1.<br />
<br />
Keller, C.A., M.S. Long, R.M. Yantosca, A.M. DaSilva, S. Pawson, D.J. Jacob (2014), HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMF-compliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci., Model Dev., 7, 1409–1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014.<br />
<br />
Messerschmidt, J., N. Parazoo, N.M. Deutscher, C. Roehl, T. Warneke, P.O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch (2012), Evaluation of atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussions, 12, 12759-12800, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12759-2012. <br />
<br />
Nassar, R., D.B.A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J.M. Chen, R.J. Andres, K.J. Wecht, R.M. Yantosca, S.S. Kulawik, K.W. Bowman, J.R. Worden, T. Machida and H. Matsueda (2010), Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 689-716.<br />
<br />
Nassar, R., L. Napier-Linton, K.R. Gurney, R.J. Andres, T. Oda, F.R. Vogel, F. Deng (2013), Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from global fossil fuel emission datasets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 917-933, doi:10.1029/2012JD018196.<br />
<br />
Oda, T. and S. Maksyutov (2011), A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011.<br />
<br />
Olsen, S.C., D.J. Weubbles, B. Owen (2013), Comparison of global 3-D aviation datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 429–441, doi:10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.<br />
<br />
Simone, N., M. Stettler, S. Eastham, S. Barrett, Aviation Emissions Inventory Code (AEIC) User Manual (R1), Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2013, Report No: LAE-2013-001-N, www.LAE.MIT.edu.<br />
<br />
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., K¨ortzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21104CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:51:02Z<p>Ray: /* Validation */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. Major changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
The CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission updates are the following:<br />
<br />
1) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) gridded data has been updated to include additional years [Andres et al. 2011] – CDIAC v2014 now extends to 2011 and RN has applied BP scaling for 2012 and 2013 with a projection for 2014 based on the Global Carbon Project values.<br />
<br />
2) Open-source Data Inventory for Atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions (ODIAC version 2013) fossil fuel option is now added [Oda and Maksyutov, 2011], which is known to have a more reliable spatial distribution for large countries but is consistent with an earlier version of CDIAC version for national emission totals.<br />
<br />
3) Temporal Improvements for Monitoring Emissions by Scaling (TIMES) is now added [Nassar et al., 2013], which introduces weekly and diurnal variations to national fossil fuel emissions<br />
<br />
4) The Takahashi et al. (2009) ocean fluxes in the model were included as a 1-year climatology corresponding to the year 2000 with a sink of 1.4 PgC. The same paper also describes a method for scaling the Takahashi et al. (2009) fluxes with year-specific atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> to yield year specific fluxes with an increasing global sink. This approach has been applied to scale the fluxes for 2000-2013 inclusive with an ocean sink ranging from (1.4 to 2.6 PgC/yr).<br />
<br />
5) Balanced biospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> uptake and emission from the Simple Biospheric Model version 3 (SiB3) for the years 2006-2010 from Nick Parazoo [Messerschmidt et al. 2012]<br />
<br />
6) Aviation emissions spatial and temporal distributions now come from AEIC. Updates to the scaling factors for the global annual emission amount from the International Energy Agency [Olsen et al., 2013] are now used for 1990-2008. A new system for aviation surface correction factors is now implemented which scales national fossil fuel emissions by a factor slightly less than 1 in order to remove the estimated contribution from domestic aviation emission, which is counted in the air instead of at the surface.<br />
<br />
7) The chemical source of CO<span><sub>2</sub> now spans a larger time period 2000-2009. The 2008 chemical source was recalculated with GFED for 2008, which was unavailable at the time of the previous update. A 2009 chemical source is now added. The surface correction approach has been revised such that the magnitude of the fossil fuel surface correction is now year specific for 1980-2014. In v8-03-02, the percentage of fossil fuel carbon emissions released as CO (and other carbon species like CH<sub>4</sub> and non-methane hydrocarbons) was assumed to be 4.89% based on the work of Suntharalingam et al. [2005], with no temporal dependence. However, studies have demonstrated that even as fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions have continually risen for decades, fossil fuel CO emissions have held essentially constant since about 1980 at 500-600 Tg CO/year [Granier et al., 2011]. Fossil fuel CH<sub>4</sub> is also found to be roughly constant at 80 TgCH<sub>4</sub>/yr in CarbonTracker-CH<sub>4</sub>. In GEOS-Chem v10-01, the fossil fuel emission surface correction for the chemical source from Nassar et al. [2010] has been modified based on the decreasing CO/CO<span><sub>2</sub> and CH4/CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission ratios, attributed to improved technology in both developed and developing countries, demonstrated by roughly constant CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions despite increasing CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions. The surface correction goes from 5.28% in 1980 and decreases to 2.84% in 2013, replacing the constant value of 4.89% prior to v10-01. This new approach assumes a negligible percentage of fossil fuel carbon from sources other than CO<span><sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> (such as non-methane hydrocarbons) and assumes that the combustion completeness is globally-uniform. The assumption of global uniformity, though not a good assumption for the past, is becoming more reasonable as the developed countries adopt cleaner combustion technology releasing less non-CO<span><sub>2</sub> carbon species. Note that for the 3D emission sources, both aviation CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions and CO<span><sub>2</sub> chemical production, there has been a change in emission units to molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>/s instead of molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>/s, for consistency with HEMCO implementation in other parts of GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Nassar et al. (2010) remains the recommended reference for the GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation from v8-03-02 and the present version.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
Andres. R.J., J.S Gregg, L. Losey, G. Marland, T.A. Boden (2011), Montly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus 63B, 309-327.<br />
<br />
Granier, C., et al. (2011), Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109:163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1.<br />
<br />
Keller, C.A., M.S. Long, R.M. Yantosca, A.M. DaSilva, S. Pawson, D.J. Jacob (2014), HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMF-compliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci., Model Dev., 7, 1409–1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014.<br />
<br />
Messerschmidt, J., N. Parazoo, N.M. Deutscher, C. Roehl, T. Warneke, P.O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch (2012) Evaluation of atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussions, 12, 12759-12800, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12759-2012. <br />
<br />
Nassar, R., D.B.A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J.M. Chen, R.J. Andres, K.J. Wecht, R.M. Yantosca, S.S. Kulawik, K.W. Bowman, J.R. Worden, T. Machida and H. Matsueda (2010), Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 689-716.<br />
<br />
Nassar, R., L. Napier-Linton, K.R. Gurney, R.J. Andres, T. Oda, F.R. Vogel, F. Deng (2013), Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from global fossil fuel emission datasets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 917-933, doi:10.1029/2012JD018196.<br />
<br />
Oda, T. and S. Maksyutov (2011), A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011.<br />
<br />
Olsen, S.C., D.J. Weubbles, B. Owen (2013) Comparison of global 3-D aviation datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 429–441, doi:10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.<br />
<br />
Simone, N., M. Stettler, S. Eastham, S. Barrett, Aviation Emissions Inventory Code (AEIC) User Manual (R1), Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2013, Report No: LAE-2013-001-N, www.LAE.MIT.edu.<br />
<br />
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., K¨ortzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21103CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:50:13Z<p>Ray: /* Update in v10-01 (May 2015) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. Major changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
The CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission updates are the following:<br />
<br />
1) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) gridded data has been updated to include additional years [Andres et al. 2011] – CDIAC v2014 now extends to 2011 and RN has applied BP scaling for 2012 and 2013 with a projection for 2014 based on the Global Carbon Project values.<br />
<br />
2) Open-source Data Inventory for Atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions (ODIAC version 2013) fossil fuel option is now added [Oda and Maksyutov, 2011], which is known to have a more reliable spatial distribution for large countries but is consistent with an earlier version of CDIAC version for national emission totals.<br />
<br />
3) Temporal Improvements for Monitoring Emissions by Scaling (TIMES) is now added [Nassar et al., 2013], which introduces weekly and diurnal variations to national fossil fuel emissions<br />
<br />
4) The Takahashi et al. (2009) ocean fluxes in the model were included as a 1-year climatology corresponding to the year 2000 with a sink of 1.4 PgC. The same paper also describes a method for scaling the Takahashi et al. (2009) fluxes with year-specific atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> to yield year specific fluxes with an increasing global sink. This approach has been applied to scale the fluxes for 2000-2013 inclusive with an ocean sink ranging from (1.4 to 2.6 PgC/yr).<br />
<br />
5) Balanced biospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> uptake and emission from the Simple Biospheric Model version 3 (SiB3) for the years 2006-2010 from Nick Parazoo [Messerschmidt et al. 2012]<br />
<br />
6) Aviation emissions spatial and temporal distributions now come from AEIC. Updates to the scaling factors for the global annual emission amount from the International Energy Agency [Olsen et al., 2013] are now used for 1990-2008. A new system for aviation surface correction factors is now implemented which scales national fossil fuel emissions by a factor slightly less than 1 in order to remove the estimated contribution from domestic aviation emission, which is counted in the air instead of at the surface.<br />
<br />
7) The chemical source of CO<span><sub>2</sub> now spans a larger time period 2000-2009. The 2008 chemical source was recalculated with GFED for 2008, which was unavailable at the time of the previous update. A 2009 chemical source is now added. The surface correction approach has been revised such that the magnitude of the fossil fuel surface correction is now year specific for 1980-2014. In v8-03-02, the percentage of fossil fuel carbon emissions released as CO (and other carbon species like CH<sub>4</sub> and non-methane hydrocarbons) was assumed to be 4.89% based on the work of Suntharalingam et al. [2005], with no temporal dependence. However, studies have demonstrated that even as fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions have continually risen for decades, fossil fuel CO emissions have held essentially constant since about 1980 at 500-600 Tg CO/year [Granier et al., 2011]. Fossil fuel CH<sub>4</sub> is also found to be roughly constant at 80 TgCH<sub>4</sub>/yr in CarbonTracker-CH<sub>4</sub>. In GEOS-Chem v10-01, the fossil fuel emission surface correction for the chemical source from Nassar et al. [2010] has been modified based on the decreasing CO/CO<span><sub>2</sub> and CH4/CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission ratios, attributed to improved technology in both developed and developing countries, demonstrated by roughly constant CO and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions despite increasing CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions. The surface correction goes from 5.28% in 1980 and decreases to 2.84% in 2013, replacing the constant value of 4.89% prior to v10-01. This new approach assumes a negligible percentage of fossil fuel carbon from sources other than CO<span><sub>2</sub>, CO, and CH<sub>4</sub> (such as non-methane hydrocarbons) and assumes that the combustion completeness is globally-uniform. The assumption of global uniformity, though not a good assumption for the past, is becoming more reasonable as the developed countries adopt cleaner combustion technology releasing less non-CO<span><sub>2</sub> carbon species. Note that for the 3D emission sources, both aviation CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions and CO<span><sub>2</sub> chemical production, there has been a change in emission units to molecules/cm<sup>2</sup>/s instead of molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>/s, for consistency with HEMCO implementation in other parts of GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Nassar et al. (2010) remains the recommended reference for the GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation from v8-03-02 and the present version.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
Andres. R.J., J.S Gregg, L. Losey, G. Marland, T.A. Boden (2011), Montly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption, Tellus 63B, 309-327.<br />
<br />
Granier, C., et al. (2011), Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, 109:163-190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1.<br />
<br />
Keller, C.A., M.S. Long, R.M. Yantosca, A.M. DaSilva, S. Pawson, D.J. Jacob (2014), HEMCO v1.0: a versatile, ESMF-compliant component for calculating emissions in atmospheric models, Geosci., Model Dev., 7, 1409–1417, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-1409-2014.<br />
<br />
Messerschmidt, J., N. Parazoo, N.M. Deutscher, C. Roehl, T. Warneke, P.O. Wennberg, and D. Wunch (2012) Evaluation of atmosphere-biosphere exchange estimations with TCCON measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussions, 12, 12759-12800, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12759-2012. <br />
<br />
Nassar, R., D.B.A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J.M. Chen, R.J. Andres, K.J. Wecht, R.M. Yantosca, S.S. Kulawik, K.W. Bowman, J.R. Worden, T. Machida and H. Matsueda (2010), Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development, 3, 689-716.<br />
<br />
Nassar, R., L. Napier-Linton, K.R. Gurney, R.J. Andres, T. Oda, F.R. Vogel, F. Deng (2013), Improving the temporal and spatial distribution of CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from global fossil fuel emission datasets, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118, 917-933, doi:10.1029/2012JD018196.<br />
<br />
Oda, T. and S. Maksyutov (2011), A very high-resolution (1 km x 1 km) global fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 543–556, doi:10.5194/acp-11-543-2011.<br />
<br />
Olsen, S.C., D.J. Weubbles, B. Owen (2013) Comparison of global 3-D aviation datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 429–441, doi:10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.<br />
<br />
Simone, N., M. Stettler, S. Eastham, S. Barrett, Aviation Emissions Inventory Code (AEIC) User Manual (R1), Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2013, Report No: LAE-2013-001-N, www.LAE.MIT.edu.<br />
<br />
Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G., Chavez, F., Sabine, C., Watson, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., K¨ortzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W (2009), Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56(8–10), 554–577, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21102CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:36:08Z<p>Ray: /* CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. The main changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
Please note: The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21101CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:33:36Z<p>Ray: /* Update in v10-01 (May 2015) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem v10-01 includes a substantial update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation. A number of new or updated inventories have now been added at the same time as emissions are now handled by HEMCO. HEMCO reads emissions from netCDF files at any specified resolution and regrids the data, along with applying scaling factors where applicable. The main changes in this update include new options for fossil fuel emissions, biospheric fluxes and ocean fluxes and a modified treatment of the chemical source surface correction.<br />
<br />
Please note: The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by mid-May.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21098CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:29:18Z<p>Ray: /* Update in v10-01 (May 2015) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
Details of the 2015 update available as v10-01 will be available on this wiki page in early May. <br />
Please note: The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by May 7.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21097CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:28:35Z<p>Ray: /* Update in v10-01 (May 2015) */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
Details of the 2015 update available as v10-01 will be available on this wiki page in early May. <br />
Please note: The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO2 emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by May 7.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=21096CO2 simulation2015-05-12T15:24:19Z<p>Ray: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was completed in 2010 by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). The latest update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
== Update in v8-03-02 (April 2010) ==<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
== Update in v10-01 (May 2015) ==<br />
<br />
Details of the 2015 update available as v10-01 will be available on this wiki page in early May. Please note: The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO2 emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by May 7.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|UEA<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=21095Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-05-12T15:18:13Z<p>Ray: /* Contact information */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman], [mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan B.A. Jones]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|UEA<br />
|CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:zhaohui.chen@uea.ac.uk ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)<br />
<br />
The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Simple Biosphere (SiB3) model balanced biosphere fluxes (2006-2010) for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Scaled Takahashi et al. (2009) Ocean CO2 fluxes for 2000-2013 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC v2013 national fossil fuel combustion emissions for 2000-2014 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|TIMES weekly and diurnal fossil fuel temporal scaling factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Extended time range for CDIAC, chemical CO2 source, shipping and aviation scale factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[Ray Nassar]] 2015 April 14, 17:42 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=20885CO2 simulation2015-05-01T21:31:31Z<p>Ray: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1. The latest update to the CO2 simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
Details of the 2015 update available as v10-01 will be available on this wiki page in early May. Please note: The new HEMCO netCDF file for CDIAC national fossil fuel CO2 emissions is not ready due to a delay from CDIAC, but is expected to be available by May 7.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=20884CO2 simulation2015-05-01T20:45:36Z<p>Ray: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1. The latest update to the CO2 simulation was developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and appears in GEOS-Chem v10-01, which was released on 2015 May 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The 2010 update retained the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. Other inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes were added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation made GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010). The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It has been publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
Details of the 2015 update available as v10-01 will be available on this wiki page in early May.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://wennberg-wiki.caltech.edu/ Caltech]<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.uow.edu.au/ University of Wollongong]<br />
|[mailto:ndeutsch@uow.edu.au Nicholas Deutscher]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> source/sink estimation using ground-based FTS (TCCON) data and co-located surface measurements. Focus on Australia<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== Nested-grid CO2 simulation ==<br />
<br />
'''''This update was tested in the 1-month benchmark simulation [[GEOS-Chem_v9-01-03_benchmark_history#v9-01-03h|v9-01-03h]] and approved on 09 Mar 2012.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yxw@tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:The nested-grid CO2 simulation is developed and tested based on [[GEOS-Chem v8-02-01|v8-02-01]]. Except for code changes for nested-grid simulation in general, specific changes are made to read the CO2 fluxes at 0.5x0.667 resolution . These fluxes are regridded to 0.5x0.667 either from 1x1 input files on the fly when running GEOS-Chem or from 2x2.5 data files off-line using IDL.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:00, 2 December 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Previous issues that are now resolved ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)<br />
<br />
=== Fix for regridding error in offline CO2 simulation ===<br />
<br />
'''''We have corrected this issue as a post-release patch on 22 Sep 2012. This issue does not affect the full-chemistry simulations, only the CO2 simulation.'''''<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:RayNassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:There is a bug in v9-01-03 for the CO2 simulation that causes a crash. It relates to the MAP_A2A regridding and the fact that the net terrestrial exchange file is named with <tt>geos.1x1</tt> (360x181) although it is actually generic 1x1 (360x180) and it is trying to be read as <tt>geos.1x1</tt>.<br />
<br />
'''''[mailto:yantosca@seas.harvard.edu Bob Yantosca] wrote:'''''<br />
<br />
:I fixed the issue in the CO2 code. To avoid further confusion, I made a symbolic link in the data directory:<br />
<br />
cd /as/data/geos/GEOS_1x1/CO_201003<br />
ln –s Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1 Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1<br />
<br />
:and then I made these changes in the code:<br />
<br />
! Arrays and pointers<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY (IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*4 :: ARRAY_1x1(I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEN_1x1 (I1x1,J1x1-1,1)<br />
REAL*8, TARGET :: GEOS_GRID(IIPAR,JJPAR,1)<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: INGRID (:,:) => NULL()<br />
REAL*8, POINTER :: OUTGRID(:,:) => NULL()<br />
<br />
. . .<br />
<br />
!------------------------------------<br />
! Read climatological Bionet data<br />
!------------------------------------ <br />
IF ( LBIONETCLIM ) THEN<br />
<br />
! TAU value for start of "generic" year 2000<br />
TAU = GET_TAU0( 1, 1, 2000 )<br />
<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
!%%% v9-01-03 POST-RELEASE PATCH (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% NOTE: Someone mislabeled the Net_terrestrial_exch file, it is labeled<br />
!%%% "geos.1x1" but is on the GENERIC 1x1 grid. Therefore, we shall rename<br />
!%%% this file accordingly and use the generic grid indices (I1x1,J1x1-1)<br />
!%%% etc. below. (bmy, 10/2/12)<br />
!%%% ! Filename<br />
!%%% FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
!%%% & 'CO2_201003/Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.geos.1x1'<br />
!%%% <br />
!%%% ! Echo info<br />
!%%% WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
!%%% CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
!%%% & TAU, I1x1, J1x1 <br />
!%%% & 1, ARRAY, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
!%%% GEOS_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY(:,:,1)<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
!%%% LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
!%%% & 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/MAP_A2A_latlon_geos1x1.nc'<br />
!%%%<br />
!%%% ! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
!%%% INGRID => GEOS_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
!%%% OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
!%%% CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1, <br />
!%%% & INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
!%%% & netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
! Filename<br />
FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1 ) // <br />
& 'CO2_201003/' //<br />
& 'Net_terrestrial_exch_5.29Pg.generic.1x1'<br />
<br />
! Echo info<br />
WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )<br />
<br />
! Read Net Terrestrial CO2 Exchange [molec/cm2/s]<br />
CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CO2-SRCE', 6, <br />
& TAU, I1x1, J1x1-1,<br />
& 1, ARRAY_1x1, QUIET=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Cast to REAL*8 before regridding<br />
GEN_1x1(:,:,1) = ARRAY_1x1(:,:,1)<br />
<br />
! File with lat/lon edges for regridding<br />
LLFILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR_1x1) //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_Regrid_201203/' //<br />
& 'MAP_A2A_latlon_generic1x1.nc'<br />
<br />
! Regrid from GEOS 1x1 --> current model resolution<br />
INGRID => GEN_1x1 (:,:,1)<br />
OUTGRID => GEOS_GRID(:,:,1)<br />
CALL DO_REGRID_A2A( LLFILENAME, I1x1, J1x1-1, <br />
& INGRID, OUTGRID, PERAREA=0,<br />
& netCDF=.TRUE. )<br />
<br />
! Free pointers<br />
NULLIFY( INGRID, OUTGRID )<br />
<br />
... etc ... <br />
<br />
I pushed these to the GEOS_Chem repository (and also the GC_Bleeding_Edge repository). You can get it with:<br />
<br />
git pull git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem master<br />
<br />
The commit was tagged with “Fix_for_CO2_sim” and is labeled:<br />
<br />
v9-01-03 post-release patch to fix bug in CO2 simulation<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:20, 20 December 2012 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=20523Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-04-14T21:46:19Z<p>Ray: /* Recent updates */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Ray Nassar], [mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IAP CAS<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem and adjoint model for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:czh@mail.iap.ac.cn ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)<br />
<br />
The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Simple Biosphere (SiB3) model balanced biosphere fluxes (2006-2010) for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Scaled Takahashi et al. (2009) Ocean CO2 fluxes for 2000-2013 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC v2013 national fossil fuel combustion emissions for 2000-2014 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|TIMES weekly and diurnal fossil fuel temporal scaling factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Extended time range for CDIAC, chemical CO2 source, shipping and aviation scale factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[Ray Nassar]] 2015 April 14, 17:42 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=20522Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-04-14T21:45:07Z<p>Ray: /* Recent updates */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Ray Nassar], [mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IAP CAS<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem and adjoint model for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:czh@mail.iap.ac.cn ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)<br />
<br />
The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Simple Biosphere (SiB3) model balanced biosphere fluxes (2006-2010) for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Scaled Takahashi et al. (2009) Ocean CO2 fluxes for 2000-2013 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC v2013 national fossil fuel emissions 2000-2014 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|TIMES weekly and diurnal fossil fuel scaling factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Extended time range for CDIAC, chemical CO2 source, shipping and aviation scale factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[Ray Nassar]] 2015 April 14, 17:42 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=20521Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-04-14T21:43:50Z<p>Ray: /* Recent updates */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Ray Nassar], [mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IAP CAS<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem and adjoint model for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:czh@mail.iap.ac.cn ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)<br />
<br />
The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Simple Biosphere (SiB3) model balanced biosphere fluxes (2006-2010) for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Scaled Ocean CO2 fluxes for 2000-2013 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC national fossil fuel emissions 2000-2014 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|TIMES weekly and diurnal fossil fuel scaling factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2015 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Extended time range for CDIAC, chemical CO2 source, shipping and aviation scale factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[Ray Nassar]] 2015 April 14, 17:42 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=20520Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-04-14T21:43:25Z<p>Ray: /* Recent updates */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Ray Nassar], [mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IAP CAS<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem and adjoint model for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:czh@mail.iap.ac.cn ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)<br />
<br />
The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="150px"|Released<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="200px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2014 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Simple Biosphere (SiB3) model balanced biosphere fluxes (2006-2010) for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2014 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Scaled Ocean CO2 fluxes for 2000-2013 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2014 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC national fossil fuel emissions 2000-2014 for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2014 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|TIMES weekly and diurnal fossil fuel scaling factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2014 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|Extended time range for CDIAC, chemical CO2 source, shipping and aviation scale factors for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[Ray Nassar]] 2015 April 14, 17:42 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=20519Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-04-14T21:33:39Z<p>Ray: /* Recent updates */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Ray Nassar], [mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IAP CAS<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem and adjoint model for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:czh@mail.iap.ac.cn ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="100px"|Released<br />
!width="550px"|Description<br />
!width="150px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)<br />
<br />
The following development items will soon be added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="100px"|Released<br />
!width="550px"|Description<br />
!width="150px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v10-01<br />
|April 2014 (pending)<br />
|[[CO2_simulation#Update_CO2_emissions|ODIAC national fossil fuel emissions for CO2 simulation]]<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[Ray Nassar]] 2015 April 14, 17:30 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=20514Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-04-14T21:00:52Z<p>Ray: /* Development Priorities */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Ray Nassar], [mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IAP CAS<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem and adjoint model for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:czh@mail.iap.ac.cn ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
--Updated by Ray Nassar 2015 April 14, 16:58 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="100px"|Released<br />
!width="550px"|Description<br />
!width="150px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Carbon_Cycle_Working_Group&diff=20511Carbon Cycle Working Group2015-04-14T20:57:14Z<p>Ray: /* Development Priorities */</p>
<hr />
<div>All users interested in the GEOS-Chem carbon gas simulations (CO, CO2, CH4, etc.) are encouraged to subscribe to the carbon gases email list (click on the link in the [[#Contact information|contact information section]] below).<br />
<br />
== Contact information ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group Co-Chairs'''<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Ray Nassar], [mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''Carbon Cycle Working Group email list'''<br />
|<tt>geos-chem-carbon [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To subscribe to email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-join [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|'''To unsubscribe from email list'''<br />
|Send email to <tt>geos-chem-carbon-leave [at] seas.harvard.edu</tt><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Current Carbon Cycle Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Date Added<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CH4 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Regional methane sources using surface in situ and GOSAT and IASI satellite observations and an ensemble Kalman filter<br />
|[mailto:ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk Annemarie Fraser]<br />
|10 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Methane sources and sinks based on in situ and satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kjw@io.harvard.edu Kevin Wecht]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Inverse modeling of methane with GOSAT<br />
|Alex Turner<br />
|7 May 2013<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CH4 simulation|Methane]]<br />
|Purdue University<br />
|Methane sources in Pan-Arctic region<br />
|[mailto:tan80@purdue.edu Zeli Tan]<br />
|26 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO and/or Tagged CO simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Wollongong<br />
|Source attribution of Australasian pollution<br />
|[mailto:jennyf@uow.edu.au Jenny Fisher]<br />
|5 Nov 2012<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using tagged CO simulation to study transport in the UT/LS<br />
|[mailto:jliu@seas.harvard.edu Junhua Liu]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|JPL<br />
|Using tagged CO simulations to interpret MLS observations<br />
|[mailto:jianjun.jin@jpl.nasa.gov Jianjun Jin]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br>and [[NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol|full chemistry]]<br />
|Duke<br />
|CO sources from biomass burning<br>(NOTE: Cross-listed under full-chemistry)<br />
|Prasad Kasibhatla<br />
|15 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT<br />
|[mailto:zjiang@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Zhe Jiang]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#eeddee"<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!Projects using CO2 simulations<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
!&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Caltech<br />
|Source/sink estimation of CO<span><sub>2</sub> using ground-based FTS observations<br />
|[mailto:janina@caltech.edu Janina Messerschmidt]<br />
|26 Sept 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IAP CAS<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem and adjoint model for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|[mailto:czh@mail.iap.ac.cn ZhaoHui Chen]<br />
|1 Jul 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|Using GEOS-Chem for CO2 flux inversions<br />
|James Barlow<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]/[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Using CO/CO2 correlations for CO2 inverse modeling<br />
|[mailto:wqq726@gmail.com Helen Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Tsinghua U.<br />
|Nested grid simulation to interpret surface CO<span><sub>2</sub> observations<br />
|[mailto:yxw@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Yuxuan Wang]<br />
|12 May 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|Environment Canada<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source/sink estimation<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
|11 Apr 2011<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Edinburgh<br />
|CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation and surface flux estimation by using Ensemble Kalman Filter<br />
|[mailto:lfeng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Liang Feng]<br />
|18 Aug 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|CO2/CO Adjoint<br />
|JPL<br />
|Source/state estimation of CO2 and CO using atmospheric CO2/CO satellite observations<br />
|[mailto:kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Kevin Bowman]<br />
|28 Jun 2010<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|U. Toronto<br />
|Modeling CO<span><sub>2</sub> and its sources and sinks with GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
|09 Jun 2009<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[CO2 simulation|CO2]]<br />
|IUP U. Bremen<br />
|Study the CO2 and OCS relationship using ground-based FTS observations and GEOS-Chem<br />
|[mailto:w_yuting@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Yuting Wang]<br />
|17 May 2014<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:41, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recently Completed Projects (please add yours!) ==<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="75px"|Simulation<br />
!width="150px"|User Group <br />
!width="550px"|Description <br />
!width="150px"|Contact Person<br />
!width="150px"|Publication<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation|Tagged CO]]<br />
|Harvard<br />
|Adjoint analysis of CO sources from MOPITT/AIRS/SCIAMACHY<br />
|Monika Kopacz<br />
|Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 855-876, 2010. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/Kopacz_etal2010.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 15:40, 25 April 2014 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Development Priorities ==<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="250px"|Priority<br />
!width="500px"|Description<br />
!width="250px"|Status <br />
|-<br />
|Update biospheric CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently based on CASA (neutral biosphere) output for one particular year and a climatology of net terrestrial exchange. Running with year-specific fluxes from the SiB3 biospheric model will be a new option. <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update anthropogenic CO2 fluxes <br />
|Implement anthropogenic (fossil fuel combustion) CO2 emissions with higher temporal resolution and perhaps higher spatial resolution.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update ocean CO2 fluxes<br />
|Currently using Takahashi et al. (2009) which gives too weak of a global sink. Look into possibilities for scaling or improved ocean fluxes from another source.<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v10-01]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[Tagged CO simulation]] <br />
|Improve treatment of secondary production of CO from VOC oxidation. Currently just scale emissions. Modify code to apply photochemical production rates archived from a full chemistry simulation.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Merge into a single offline simulation for the standard model.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|Improved satellite diagnostic <br />
|Implement more flexible diagnostic for saving out XCO2 and other satellite-relevant parameters.<br />
| <br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 10:36, 10 June 2013 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Recent updates ==<br />
<br />
The following development items have recently been added to GEOS-Chem:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 <br />
|-bgcolor="#CCCCCC" valign="top"<br />
!width="100px"|Version<br />
!width="100px"|Released<br />
!width="550px"|Description<br />
!width="150px"|Contact<br />
|-<br />
|v9-02<br />
|Mar 2014<br />
|[[CH4_simulation#Update_CH4_emissions_to_EDGAR_v4.2|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation]]<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Sulprizio]] 11:08, 17 January 2014 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=GEOS-Chem_model_development_priorities&diff=13076GEOS-Chem model development priorities2013-05-14T23:08:05Z<p>Ray: /* Almost there (< 6 months) */</p>
<hr />
<div>On this page we list the current priorities for GEOS-Chem development. This list was compiled by the user Working Groups at the last [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/meetings/2013/index.html International GEOS-Chem Meeting (IGC6)] in May 2013 and has been continuously updated since based on code readiness and input from the Working Groups and the Steering Committee.<br />
<br />
We also invite you to view our [https://trello.com/board/geos-chem-support-team/4fe36668fc79a1d3540ba80b GEOS-Chem Support Team project management board on Trello.com], which shows the current GCST workflow.<br />
<br />
== List of priorities as of May 2013 ==<br />
<br />
Items "Awaiting release" will be part of the next version release of GEOS-Chem and are actively being incorporated into the standard model and benchmarked. Other items are in different stages of readiness and will be included in future versions of the model.<br />
<br />
=== Awaiting release ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="400px"|Item<br />
!width="300px"|Author(s)<br />
!width="400px"|Status<br />
|-<br />
|[[GEOS-5_issues#Updates_on_GEOS-5_PBL_height_.26_diurnal_variation_of_aerosols|Correction for GEOS-5 PBL heights]]<br />
|Sajeev Philip (Dalhousie) <br />
|Approved 16 Oct 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02a|v9-02a]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[Soil_NOx_emissions#Updated_soil_NOx_emissions_algorithm|New soil NOx emission module]]<br />
|Rynda Hudman (UC Berkeley)<br>Neil Moore (Dalhousie)<br>Bram Maasakkers (Eindhoven) <br />
|Approved 29 Oct 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02b|v9-02b]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[EPA/NEI05_North_American_emissions|EPA/NEI2005 Hg emissions for US]]<br />
|Lyatt Jaegl&eacute; (U. Washington)<br />
|Approved 29 Nov 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02c|v9-02c]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mercury#Streets future Hg emissions|Streets future Hg emissions]]<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br />
|Approved 29 Nov 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02c|v9-02c]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mercury#Nested-grid Hg simulation over North America|Nested-grid Hg simulation]]<br />
|Lyatt Jaegl&eacute; (U. Washington)<br />
|Approved 29 Nov 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02c|v9-02c]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mercury#Updated Hg.280.29 oxidation kinetics|Updated Hg(0) oxidation kinetics]]<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br>Justin Parrella (Harvard)<br />
|Approved 29 Nov 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02c|v9-02c]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mercury#Capability to use GEOS-Chem Br.2FBrO fields in Hg simulation|Capability to use GEOS-Chem Br/BrO fields in Hg simulation]]<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br>Justin Parrella (Harvard)<br />
|Approved 29 Nov 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02c|v9-02c]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[POPs simulation|POPs simulation: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]]<br />
|Carey Friedman (MIT)<br />
|Approved 29 Nov 2012 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02c|v9-02c]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[Updating_standard_chemistry_with_JPL_10-6|Inorganic chemistry updates]]<br />
|Mat Evans (York)<br />
|Approved 07 Feb 2013 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02f|v9-02f]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[Methyl peroxy nitrate chemistry|Methyl peroxy nitrate (MPN) chemistry]]<br />
|Ellie Browne (UC Berkeley) <br />
|Approved 07 Feb 2013 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02f|v9-02f]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[New_isoprene_scheme#Update_One_-_RO2.2BHO2_Reaction_Rate|Fix RO2+HO2 rate constant]]<br />
|Fabien Paulot (Harvard)<br />
|Approved 22 Mar 2013 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02g|v9-02g]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[ChemTelecon20111202|Improvements to isoprene chemistry, standardization of Paulot Scheme]]<br />
|Fabien Paulot (Harvard)<br>Eloise Marais (Harvard)<br>Jingqiu Mao (NOAA/GFDL)<br>Mat Evans (York)<br />
|Approved 22 Mar 2013 ([[GEOS-Chem v9-02 benchmark history#v9-02g|v9-02g]]); awaiting release<br />
|-<br />
|[[ChemTelecon20111202|Improved HO2 uptake by aerosol]]<br />
|Jingqiu Mao (NOAA/GFDL)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Removal of NOx-Ox partitioning<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[ChemTelecon20111202|Inhibition of N2O5 hydrolysis by aerosol nitrate]]<br />
|Lin Zhang (Peking University)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-Independent_GEOS-Chem:_Chemistry_Component|Grid-independent GEOS-Chem: Chemistry]]<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br>GMAO<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[TOMAS_aerosol_microphysics#Update_April_2013|Inline the TOMAS aerosol microphysics code into standard code]]<br />
|Sal Farina (CSU)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Anthropogenic_emissions#CAC|Updated Canadian NH3 inventory]]<br />
|Wai-Ho Lo (Dalhousie) <br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Historical_and_Future_Emissions#RCP_future_emission_scenarios |RCP emission scenarios]]<br />
|Chris Holmes (UC Irvine)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|EDGAR v4.2 emissions for CH4 simulation<br />
|Kevin Wecht (Harvard)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|Update anthropogenic scale factors through 2010]]<br />
|Aaron van Donkelaar (Dalhousie)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update to EDGAR 4 anthropogenic emissions<br />
|Qiang Zhang (Tsinghua)<br>Sajeev Philip (Dalhousie)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Interannual lightning<br />
|Lee Murray (Harvard)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Aircraft emissions#MIT aviation emissions inventory|AEIC aircraft emissions inventory]]<br />
|Sebastian D. Eastham(MIT)<br>Steven Barret (MIT)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[EPA/NEI05 North American emissions#Updated NH3 seasonal scaling factors in v9-02|Updated NH3 seasonal scaling factors over the US]]<br />
|Lin Zhang (Peking University)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Secondary organic aerosols#SOA simulation with semi-volatile POA|Expanded SOA]]<br />
|Havala Pye (EPA/ORD)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mineral_dust_aerosols#Surface_chemistry_on_dust|Acid uptake on dust aerosols]]<br />
|T. Duncan Fairlie (NASA/LARC)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Cloudwater pH for sulfate formation<br />
|Becky Alexander (U. Washington)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Update jv_spec.dat with better representation of OC growth with RH and correction to sulfate optics<br />
|David Ridley (MIT)<br>Randall Martin (Dalhousie)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Global simulations with [[GEOS-5.7.2|GEOS-5 "FP"]] data product from GMAO<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
<br />
*'''''NOTE:''''' The GEOS-5 "FP" product (aka GEOS-5.9.0) is what we will use for the 0.25&deg; x 0.3125&deg; nested simulations. To run the nested simulations (the 2 items listed below), we also must be able to run the global simulations with this met data product in order to save out transport boundary conditons.<br />
|-<br />
|Nested-grid model at 0.25&deg; x 0.3125&deg; resolution<br />
|Yuxuan Wang (Tsinghua)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|High-resolution emissions for above nested-grid model<br />
|Yuxuan Wang (Tsinghua)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Improve temporal resolution of anthropogenic CO2 sources<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|-<br />
|Replace CASA CO2 biosphere climatology with year-specific fluxes<br />
|Ray Nassar (Environment Canada)<br>Dylan Jones (U. Toronto)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
<br />
'''''Ray Nassar wrote:'''''<br />
:SiB Fluxes are available to replace the old CASA fluxes, courtesy of Janina Messerschmidt et al. New CASA fluxes would also be good, such that the user can select options in the input.geos file. <br />
|-<br />
|[[Boundary_layer_mixing#Online_PBL_height_calculation_in_GEOS-Chem|Online PBL height calculation]]<br />
|Sajeev Philip (Dalhousie)<br>Erica McGrath-Spangler(NASA GSFC)<br />
|To be included in [[GEOS-Chem v9-02|v9-02]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:52, 14 May 2013 (EDT)<br />
<br />
=== Ready to go in ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="400px"|Item<br />
!width="300px"|Author(s)<br />
!width="400px"|Status<br />
|-<br />
|[[MEGAN_biogenic_emissions#Update_to_MEGAN2.1_.28Guenther_et_al..2C_2012.29|Update to MEGAN2.1]]<br />
|Dylan Millet (U. Minnesota)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|UNEP 2010 anthropogenic Hg emissions<br />
|Shaojie Song (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Historical anthropogenic atmospheric emissions of Hg<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Subsurface ocean Hg concentration update<br />
|Anne Soerensen (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|NEI 2008 Hg emission inventory<br />
|Yanxu Zhang (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|NEI 2008 emissions with hourly resolution<br />
|Katie Travis (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|CO2 direct effect on isoprene emissions<br />
|Amos Tai (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|PAN/organics<br />
|Emily Fischer (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Arctic Hg cycling<br />
|Jenny Fisher (Wollongong)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Criegee intermediate<br />
|Dylan Millet (U. Minnesota)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|VBS SOA option<br />
|Rokjin Park (Seoul Nat'l Univ.)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Other organics<br />
|Dylan Millet (U. Minnesota)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Tagged sulfate and nitrate simulation<br />
|Becky Alexander (U. Washington)<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:41, 14 May 2013 (EDT)<br />
<br />
=== Almost there (< 6 months) ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="400px"|Item<br />
!width="300px"|Author(s)<br />
!width="400px"|Status<br />
|-<br />
|Coupling to 3D ocean: OFFTRACK<br />
|Yanxu Zhang (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dry deposition updates for Hg simulation<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|New Hg soil emissions standard from offline GTMM<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Pre- and online processing of emissions<br />
|Qiang Zhang (Tsinghua)<br>Christoph Keller (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|MASAGE NH3 emissions<br />
|Fabien Paulot (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Benchmark procedure for nested model<br />
|[[Nested Model Working Group]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Online GCRT<br />
|David Ridley (MIT)<br>Colette Heald (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|TOMAS parallelization<br />
|Sal Farina (CSU)<br>Jeff Pierce (CSU)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Reduced TOMAS (12/15 bins)<br />
|Sal Farina (CSU)<br>Jeff Pierce (CSU)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|APM v2, synch with v9-02<br />
|Fangqun Yu (SUNY Albany)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Retain native resolution 2D surface winds<br />
|David Ridley (MIT)<br>[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|FLEXCHEM<br />
|Mat Evans (York)<br>Mike Long (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Develop new coding standards<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Unit testing<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: Dry deposition<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br>GMAO<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-Independent GEOS-Chem: Emissions Component|Grid-independent GEOS-Chem: Emissions]]<br />
|Christoph Keller (Harvard)<br>[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br>GMAO<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: NetCDF I/O<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|CMS CO2 ocean fluxes<br />
|Kevin Bowman (JPL)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dynamic subsurface ocean<br />
|Helen Amos (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Updates to PAH code<br />
|Carey Friedman (MIT)<br>Helen Amos (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Fast-JX<br />
|Sebastian Eastham (MIT)<br>Jingqiu Mao (NOAA/GFDL)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Fix for CH4 concentrations after 2008<br />
|Lee Murray (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Two-way nested grid simulation<br />
|Jintai Lin (Peking)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sub-domain within the nested-grid domain<br />
|Yuxuan Wang (Tsinghua)<br>Jintai Lin (Peking)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Offline satellite simulator tool<br />
|[[Nested Model Working Group]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Metal catalyzed oxidation of SO2<br />
|Becky Alexander (U. Washington)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Sulfate production on aerosol haze<br />
|Yuxuan Wang (Tsinghua)<br>Rokjin Park (Seoul Nat'l Univ.)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Diurnal variation of NH3 emissions<br />
|Daven Henze (UC Boulder)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Impaction scavenging for hydrophobic BC<br />
|Qiaoqiao Wang (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Homogeneous IN removal<br />
|Qiaoqiao Wang (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Time-varying Arctic parameterizations<br />
|Jenny Fisher (Wollongong)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Future US emissions inventories of Hg<br />
|Amanda Giang (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Coastal inputs of Hg: Rivers and anthropogenic point sources<br />
|Helen Amos (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Complete revamp of [[Mercury#GTMM|GTMM]]<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dust PDF for global simulations<br />
|David Ridley (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Stratospheric aerosols<br />
|Sebastian Eastham (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Benchmark for aerosol deposition<br />
|[[Aerosols overview: projects and developments|Aerosols Working Group]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:41, 14 May 2013 (EDT)<br />
<br />
=== Over the horizon (6-12 months) ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="400px"|Item<br />
!width="300px"|Author(s)<br />
!width="400px"|Status<br />
|-<br />
|Updates to redox chemistry for Hg simulation<br />
|Bess Corbitt (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|High-resolution regional emissions<br />
|[[Nested Model Working Group]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Flexible diagnostic package<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: Convection<br />
|TBD<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team|GCST]] needs help from community<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: Wet scavenging<br />
|TBD<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team|GCST]] needs help from community<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: PBL mixing<br />
|TBD<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team|GCST]] needs help from community<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: Transport<br />
|TBD<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team|GCST]] needs help from community<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: Packaging ESMF/MAPL<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br>GMAO<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|3D VOC source for tagged CO simulation and enhanced tagging of secondary CO<br />
|Jenny Fisher (Wollongong)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Satellite diagnostic for XCO2<br />
|Andrew Schuh (CSU)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DMS chemistry<br />
|Tom Breider (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dynamic precision<br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Profiling GEOS-Chem<br />
|TBD<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Methylmercury in the surface ocean<br />
|Anne Soerensen (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Primary marine emissions of OA<br />
|Brett Gantt (NCSU)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Recommendations for optimal timesteps<br />
|Sajeev Philip (Dalhousie)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|DMS oxidation scheme updating (DMSO, oxidation by BrO)<br />
|Tom Breider (Harvard)<br>Becky Alexander (U. Washington)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Criegee intermediates for sulfuric acid<br />
|Dylan Millet (U. Minnesota)<br>Mat Evans (York)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|More options for terrestrial CO2 fluxes<br />
|Kevin Bowman (JPL)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|FINN biomass burning emissions<br />
|Jenny Fisher (Wollongong)<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:41, 14 May 2013 (EDT)<br />
<br />
=== Longer term (12-24 months)===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!width="400px"|Item<br />
!width="300px"|Author(s)<br />
!width="400px"|Status<br />
|-<br />
|Coupling to 3D ocean: MIT ocean GCM<br />
|Yanxu Zhang (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Python interface<br />
|Beno&icirc;t Bovy (U. Li&egrave;ge-Belgium)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Uniformity of units <br />
|[[GEOS-Chem Support Team]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Historical inventory of Hg in products and processes<br />
|Hannah Horowitz (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Better link/coupling to ocean processes<br />
|[[Chemistry-Climate Working Group]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Better coupling to biogeochemical cycles<br />
|[[Chemistry-Climate Working Group]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Chemistry feedbacks to vegetation ecosystem<br />
|Amos Tai (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Stratospheric chemistry<br />
|Sebastian Eastham (MIT)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Iodine chemistry<br />
|Tom&aacute;s Sherwen (York)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Harmonization of aerosol optics (including water uptake)<br />
|David Ridley(MIT)<br>Colette Heald (MIT)<br>Peter Adams (Carnegie Mellon)<br>Fangqun Yu (SUNY Albany)<br>Gabriele Curci (U. L'Aquila)<br>Randall Martin (Dalhousie)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Grid-independent GEOS-Chem]]: Ocean interface<br />
|Yanxu Zhang (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Updated LAI<br />
|Kevin Bowman (JPL)<br>Folkert Boersma (KNMI)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Merge dicarbonyl simulation into standard simulation<br />
|Tzung-May Fu (Peking)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Global 0.5x0.667 capability for CO2/CH4<br />
|Liang Feng (Edinburgh)<br>Dylan Jones (U. Toronto)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dynamic multiple boxes subsurface Arctic Ocean<br />
|Helen Amos (Harvard)<br>Anne Soerensen (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|PCB simulation: atmosphere and ocean<br />
|Carey Friedman (MIT)<br>Helen Amos (Harvard)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Nighttime isoprene chemistry<br />
|Rebecca Schwantes (Caltech)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|ClNO2<br />
|Mat Evans (York)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Dissolved Fe/Cu<br />
|Matthew Johnson (NCSU)<br>Jingqiu Mao (NOAA/GFDL)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|UV absorption of organics/brown carbon<br />
|Rokjin Park (Seoul Nat'l Univ.)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|CO-CO2-CH4 simulation<br />
|Dylan Jones (U. Toronto)<br>Annemarie Fraser (Edinburgh)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Updated HCN simulation<br />
|Dylan Jones (U. Toronto)<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Passive tracer module<br />
|Jenny Fisher (Wollongong)<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
--[[User:Melissa Payer|Melissa Payer]] 16:41, 14 May 2013 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=7093CO2 simulation2011-06-17T18:26:37Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
In Feb 2010, the CDIAC fossil fuel emissions inventory was updated. Files containing annual and monthly emissions of CO2 are now available for the years 1979-2009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=7092CO2 simulation2011-06-17T18:25:43Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
In Feb 2010, the CDIAC fossil fuel emissions inventory was updated. Files containing annual and monthly emissions of CO2 are now available for the years 1979-2009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
# Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions 10 of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, 63B, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=7091CO2 simulation2011-06-17T18:24:40Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
In Feb 2010, the CDIAC fossil fuel emissions inventory was updated. Files containing annual and monthly emissions of CO2 are now available for the years 1979-2009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
# Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions 10 of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, accepted, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, <u>Proceedings of the Royal Society A</u>, '''369''', 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=7090CO2 simulation2011-06-17T18:23:07Z<p>Ray: /* Known issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
In Feb 2010, the CDIAC fossil fuel emissions inventory was updated. Files containing annual and monthly emissions of CO2 are now available for the years 1979-2009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
# Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions 10 of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, accepted, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 369, 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v8-03-02]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=7089CO2 simulation2011-06-17T18:22:31Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
In Feb 2010, the CDIAC fossil fuel emissions inventory was updated. Files containing annual and monthly emissions of CO2 are now available for the years 1979-2009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
# Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions 10 of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, accepted, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 369, 2073-2086, 2011. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6832Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:33:55Z<p>Ray: /* Emissions regridding issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
However, at present, the model does a 2-step regridding using functions from regrid_1x1_mod.f in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (IDL regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below, to emphasize that a single-step regridding approach is the best universal approach.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
-- Ray Nassar 16:22, 10 May 2011 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6829Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:32:04Z<p>Ray: /* Emissions regridding issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
However, at present, the model does a 2-step regridding using functions from regrid_1x1_mod.f in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below, to emphasize that a single-step regridding approach is the best universal approach.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
-- Ray Nassar 16:22, 10 May 2011 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6828Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:30:05Z<p>Ray: /* Emissions regridding issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
However, at present, the model does a 2-step regridding using functions from regrid_1x1_mod.f in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
-- Ray Nassar 16:22, 10 May 2011 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6827Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:27:42Z<p>Ray: /* Emissions regridding issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
At present, the model does a 2-step regridding using functions from regrid_1x1_mod.f in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
-- Ray Nassar 16:22, 10 May 2011 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6826Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:24:00Z<p>Ray: </p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
At present, the model does a 2-step regridding in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
-- Ray Nassar 16:22, 10 May 2011 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6825Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:23:07Z<p>Ray: </p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
At present, the model does a 2-step regridding in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 16:22, 10 May 2011 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6824Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:21:21Z<p>Ray: /* Emissions regridding issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
At present, the model does a 2-step regridding in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6823Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:20:55Z<p>Ray: /* Emissions regridding issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
At present, the model does a 2-step regridding in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=File:Example.jpg&diff=6822File:Example.jpg2011-05-10T20:20:05Z<p>Ray: uploaded a new version of "Image:Example.jpg"</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=File:Example.jpg&diff=6821File:Example.jpg2011-05-10T20:17:56Z<p>Ray: uploaded a new version of "Image:Example.jpg"</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=File:Net_terr_regrid_example_small.gif&diff=6820File:Net terr regrid example small.gif2011-05-10T20:16:25Z<p>Ray: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6819Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:15:17Z<p>Ray: </p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
At present, the model does a 2-step regridding in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=Emissions_overview&diff=6818Emissions overview2011-05-10T20:14:02Z<p>Ray: </p>
<hr />
<div>Here is a quick overview of the emissions inventories that are currently available in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Anthropogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions wiki page]] for details about all global and regional inventories, or download the following documentation:<br />
<br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/emissions_v8_02_03.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-02-03] <br />
* [http://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/images/Anth_emiss_gc_v8-01-04.pdf Description of anthropogenic emissions inventories in GEOS-Chem v8-01-04] <br />
* [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/geos/word_pdf_docs/INVENTORY_GC_public-pre_v8.pdf Table of available anthropogenic emissions inventories for use w/ GEOS-Chem (pre-v8)] <br />
<br />
=== Baseline inventory ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem uses the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with 10 gas-phase species:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| NO<sub>x</sub><br />
| Odd nitrogen = NO<sub>2</sub> + NO + NO<sub>3</sub> + HNO<sub>2</sub> <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CO<br />
| Carbon monoxide <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| PRPE<br />
| >= C3 Alkanes <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| Propane <br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4<br />
| >= C4 Alkenes<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
| Ethane<br />
| 2<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MEK<br />
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone<br />
| 4<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALD2<br />
| Acetaldehyde<br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| CH<sub>2</sub>O<br />
| Formaldehyde<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Optional inventories ===<br />
<br />
It is the usual practice to replace the NOx, CO, and SOx from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#GEIA/Piccot|GEIA/Piccot]] inventory with data from the [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|global EDGAR emissions inventory]].<br />
<br />
These emissions may be further overwritten by one or more [[Anthropogenic emissions#Regional inventories|regional emissions inventories]] in various locations of the globe (e.g. N. America, Asia, Europe, etc.).<br />
<br />
=== Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols ===<br />
<br />
Several aerosol species have anthropogenic emissions. Please see our [[Aerosol emissions#Anthropogenic emissions|aerosol emissions page]] for more information about these inventories.<br />
<br />
=== Ship emissions ===<br />
<br />
[[Ship emissions|Emissions from ship exhaust]] from several global (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EDGAR|EDGAR]]) and regional (e.g. [[Anthropogenic emissions#EMEP|EMEP]] etc.) inventories can also be selected.<br />
<br />
=== Annual scale factors ===<br />
<br />
Several of the emission inventories are for a particular year or range of years. To obtain emissions for years outside of the given range, [[Scale factors for anthropogenic emissions|interannual scale factors must be applied]].<br />
<br />
== Biofuel emissions ==<br />
<br />
GEOS-Chem emits the same 12 biofuel species as for [[#Baseline inventory|anthropogenic emissions]] listed above. The default inventory is that of [[Biofuel emissions#Yevich and Logan|''Yevich and Logan'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]]. This inventory can be overwritten by:<br />
<br />
* [[EPA/NEI99 North American emissions|EPA/NEI99 biofuel emissions]] over N. America<br />
* [[Anthropogenic emissions#David Streets|David Streets et al 2006 biofuel emissions]] over SE Asia<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Biofuel emissions|biofuel emissions wiki page]] for more detailed information.<br />
<br />
== Biogenic emissions ==<br />
<br />
=== GEIA ===<br />
<br />
By default, GEOS-Chem emits the following species from the [[Biogenic emissions#GEIA|GEIA biogenic emissions inventory]]:<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0<br />
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"<br />
! Species<br />
! Name<br />
! Generic formula<br />
! Equivalent # of carbons<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ISOP<br />
| Isoprene <br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MONOT<br />
| Monoterpenes<br />
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub><br />
| 10<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| MBO<br />
| Methyl Butenol<br />
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<br />
| 5<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ACET<br />
| Acetone <br />
| CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><br />
| 3<br />
|- align="center"<br />
| ALK4 (scaled from ISOP)<br />
| >=C4 alkenes <br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| 4<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== MEGAN ===<br />
<br />
The following species may be overwritten with the MEGAN inventory (this is now recommended)!<br />
<br />
#Isoprene<br />
#Monoterpenes<br />
#Methyl Butenol<br />
<br />
Please see our [[MEGAN biogenic emissions]] wiki page for more information.<br />
<br />
Also see our [[Emissions Working Group#GEOS-Chem Emissions Issues(please add yours!)|Isoprene Emission Estimates in the Literature]] page for Isoprene Emission Estimates in the literature.<br />
<br />
== Biomass burning ==<br />
<br />
By default GEOS-Chem uses 15 biomass burning species from [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/duncan2002a.pdf ''Duncan et al'' <nowiki>[2003]</nowiki>]:<br />
<br />
# NOx<br />
# CO<br />
# ALK4<br />
# ACET<br />
# MEK<br />
# ALD2<br />
# PRPE<br />
# C3H8<br />
# CH2O<br />
# C2H6<br />
# SO2<br />
# NH3<br />
# BC<br />
# OC<br />
# CO2 (NOTE: for offline simulations only!) <br />
<br />
Most of these are also [[#Anthropogenic emissions|anthropogenic emissions species]].<br />
<br />
All of these species can be overwritten by [[Biomass_burning_emissions#GFED2|GFED2 monthly, 8-days, or 3hr biomass emissions]].<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Other NOx emissions sources ==<br />
<br />
Please see the following wiki pages for information about other sources of NOx emissions:<br />
<br />
# [[Aircraft emissions#NOx|NOx emissions from aircraft]]<br />
# [[Lightning NOx emissions|NOx emissions from lightning]]<br />
# [[Soil NOx emissions|NOx emissions from soils]]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aerosol emissions ==<br />
<br />
Please see our [[Aerosol emissions]] wiki page for a full description of the inventories which contain aerosol species (e.g. SO2, SO4, NH3, NH4, etc.)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 14:40, 17 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emissions regridding issues ==<br />
<br />
Different regridding approaches have been tried in order to prepare for model simulations at the GEOS-5 native resolution of 0.5x0.667, or other high resolution possibilities.<br />
<br />
With each step in regridding, information is reorganized in such a way that it cannot be recovered by later regridding in the reverse direction, therefore, optimal regridding is done in a single step. This means that when input emissions data are provided on a given grid, the optimal approach (to avoid losing information) is to leave them on that grid, read them into the model and regrid in the code to the desired resolution. This is the approach currently used for GFEDv2 which comes in on a generic 1x1 grid (360x180).<br />
<br />
At present, the model does a 2-step regridding in the following way:<br />
<br />
1) function DO_REGRID_G2G_1x1 regrids generic_1x1 --> GEOS_1x1<br />
<br />
2) function DO_REGRID_1x1 regrids GEOS_1x1 --> desired resolution<br />
<br />
The above is not equivalent to the single step regridding carried out in IDL (regridH.pro).<br />
<br />
An alternative is to use the Fortran regridding code map_a2a (developed by S.-J. Lin and refined by Bob Yantosca). I have experimented with this in the model and have it working for some situations but the code has a single option for half-polar grids. This permits direct regridding from an input half-polar grid to an output half-polar grid, or an input full-polar grid to an output full-polar grid, but does not properly regrid between full-polar and half-polar.<br />
<br />
Figures depicting CO<span><sub>2</sub> differences in the net terrestrial exchange field which was on a generic 1x1 grid then regridded to 2x2.5 for a model simulation using different approaches (idl regridh.pro, regrid_1x1_mod, and map_a2a) are shown below.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Example.jpg]]</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=File:Example.jpg&diff=6817File:Example.jpg2011-05-10T20:13:12Z<p>Ray: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=6501CO2 simulation2011-04-11T17:02:04Z<p>Ray: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar (now at Environment Canada) and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
In Feb 2010, the CDIAC fossil fuel emissions inventory was updated. Files containing annual and monthly emissions of CO2 are now available for the years 1979-2009.<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:dbj@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Dylan Jones]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.ec.gc.ca/scitech/default.asp?lang=En&n=F97AE834-1&xsl=scitechprofile&xml=F97AE834-A762-47A6-A2D9-9C397FD72F37&formid=6706100A-4FFF-4926-B415-6D10BA6A9F51 Environment Canada]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| CO<span><sub>2</sub> modeling and source sink estimation using satellite and in situ data<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
# Andres, R. J., Gregg, J. S., Losey, L., Marland, G., and Boden, T. A.: ''Monthly, global emissions 10 of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel consumption'', <u>Tellus B</u>, accepted, 2011.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, Proceedings of the Royal Society, in press, 2010. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
=== Monthly CDIAC CO2 emissions ===<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
'''Update: 25 Feb 2010''': Updated annual and monthly fossil fuel CO2 emissions from CDIAC (version 2010 by R. Andres) are now available for use in [[GEOS-Chem v9-01-01]] and higher versions. These data are located in the data directories:<br />
<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/annual_v2010<br />
GEOS_4x5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/monthly_v2010<br />
<br />
The 1&deg; x 1&deg; data will be available by special request. Please contact the [[GEOS-Chem Support Team]].<br />
<br />
For more information, please see the following README files:<br />
<br />
# 2&deg; x 2.5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
# 4&deg; x 5&deg; global data: [ftp://ftp.as.harvard.edu/pub/geos-chem/data/GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres GEOS_2x2.5/CO2_201003/fossilfuel_andres/README]<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 11:48, 25 February 2011 (EST)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=5890CO2 simulation2011-01-06T20:49:17Z<p>Ray: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to and tested with v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now publicly available in GEOS-Chem release v8-03-02 and later versions, along with an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual, and include the new CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation description paper Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada and U. Toronto)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, Proceedings of the Royal Society, in press, 2010. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=5889CO2 simulation2011-01-06T20:33:21Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now undergoing testing and should be publicly available in the next GEOS-Chem release (v8-03-02). The model update will be accompanied by an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual. <br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada and U. Toronto)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development'', 3, 689-716, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, Proceedings of the Royal Society, in press, 2010. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=5520CO2 simulation2010-10-12T22:10:46Z<p>Ray: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now undergoing testing and should be publicly available in the next GEOS-Chem release (v8-03-02). The model update will be accompanied by an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual. <br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada and U. Toronto)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development Discussions'', 3, 3, 889-948, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Wofsy, S.C., et al., HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): Fine grained, global scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols, Proceedings of the Royal Society, in press, 2010. <br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=5519CO2 simulation2010-10-12T22:09:05Z<p>Ray: /* Validation */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now undergoing testing and should be publicly available in the next GEOS-Chem release (v8-03-02). The model update will be accompanied by an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual. <br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada and U. Toronto)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009 (Wofsy et al., 2010).<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development Discussions'', 3, 3, 889-948, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)</div>Rayhttps://wiki.seas.harvard.edu/geos-chem/index.php?title=CO2_simulation&diff=5518CO2 simulation2010-10-12T22:08:23Z<p>Ray: /* Description */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page contains information about the carbon dioxide (CO<span><sub>2</sub>) simulation in GEOS-Chem.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
The original GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation was developed by Parv Suntharalingam (Suntharalingam et al., 2003; 2004), now at the University of East Anglia. A major update to the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has been developed by Ray Nassar and Dylan B.A. Jones of the University of Toronto (Nassar et al., 2010). This update was delivered to the GEOS-Chem software development team at Harvard on 2010 April 1.'''''<br />
<br />
The update retains the original six CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes: fossil fuel, ocean exchange, biomass burning, biofuel burning, balanced terrestrial exchange (CASA) and net annual terrestrial exchange. New inventories are available as options for some of these fluxes and other new fluxes have been added such as CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from international shipping and aviation. There is also now an optional feature to include CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of CO, CH<span><sub>4</sub> and NMVOCs. This chemical source concept was first highlighted by Enting and Mansbridge (1991). Although a few attempts have been made by other groups in the past, this implementation will make GEOS-Chem the only 3-D global model in current use to account for the chemical production of CO<span><sub>2</sub>. The GEOS-Chem implementation uses an approach similar to that described in Suntharalingam et al. (2005), with some updated year-specific numbers and some other modifications described in Nassar et al. (2010).<br />
<br />
The full GEOS-Chem CO<span><sub>2</sub> update was applied to v8-02-01 (along with some patches). It is now undergoing testing and should be publicly available in the next GEOS-Chem release (v8-03-02). The model update will be accompanied by an update to the GEOS-Chem online manual. The references below are cited in the updated code's comments and online manual. <br />
<br />
=== Authors and collaborators ===<br />
* [mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar] ''(Environment Canada and U. Toronto)''<br />
* [mailto:P.Suntharalingam@uea.ac.uk Parvada Suntharalingam] ''(U. East Anglia)''<br />
<br />
=== CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation user groups ===<br />
<br />
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5<br />
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"<br />
!User Group<br />
!Personnel<br />
!Projects<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/~jones/ University of Toronto]<br />
|[mailto:ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca Ray Nassar]<br />
| Model updates and application to inverse modeling<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Korea Environment Institute (KEI)]<br />
|[mailto:cshim@kei.re.kr Changsub Shim]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|[http://spot.colorado.edu/~henzed/index.html University of Colorado Boulder]<br />
|[mailto:daven.henze@colorado.edu Daven Henze]<br />
| CO2 adjoint<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|IAP,CAS<br />
|[mailto:czhjob@163.com Zhu J,Chen]<br />
| Inverse modeling of CO2 using satellite<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Tsinghua University<br />
|[mailto:limingwei06@gmail.com Yuxuan Wang ; Mingwei Li]<br />
|<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|Add yours here!<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Validation ==<br />
<br />
The updated CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation will be incorporated into GEOS-Chem v8-03-02. In Nassar et al. (2010) model comparisons are made with GLOBALVEIW-CO2 (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html) and CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) measurements. In other work, the CO<span><sub>2</sub> simulation has also been compared with aircraft observations from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns of 2009.<br />
<br />
== Restart Files ==<br />
<br />
=== Description ===<br />
<br />
Some single-tracer restart files are available:<br />
<br />
;restart.20000101:CO2 restart file for GEOS4 (30 levels) on date 2000-01-01<br />
;restart.20040101:CO2 restart file for GEOS5 (47 levels) on date 2004-01-01<br />
<br />
These two restart file have uniform CO<span><sub>2</sub> values of 367.2 ppm for 2000-01-01 and 375.0 ppm for 2004-01-01, which are reasonable estimates of the global mean, but not realistic in the global distribution. Spinning up for one year will result in a realistic distribution in terms of both the global mean value and gross features (latitudinal gradient and seasonal/diurnal cycle) but accurate work will require adjusting or calibrating the restart file with actual measurements for the start of your run. The method of calibration using the sparse in situ measurements and/or satellite observations can be an active area of research on its own, so determining the approach to this is left to the user.<br />
<br />
=== Downloading ===<br />
<br />
You can use the Git version control software to download GEOS-Chem run directories containing the above-mentioned restart files and other relevant input files (e.g. <tt>input.geos</tt>).<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-4 (30 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos4/CO2_run<br />
<br />
To download the GEOS-5 (47 levels) run directory, use this command:<br />
<br />
git clone git://git.as.harvard.edu/bmy/GEOS-Chem-rundirs/2x2.5/geos5/CO2_run<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
#Andres, R. J., G. Marland, I. Fung, and E. Matthews, ''A 1&deg;x1&deg; distribution of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''10''', 419–429, 1996.<br />
#Baker, D. F., et al., ''TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO<span><sub>2</sub> fluxes, 1988-2003'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''20''', GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439, 2006.<br />
#Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres, ''Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> Emissions''. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A. doi 10.3334/CDIAC/00001, 2009.<br />
#Corbett & Koehler, ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108''', D20, 4650, 2003.<br />
#Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler, ''Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model'': Reply to comment by Øyvind Endresen et al. on ''Updated emissions from ocean shipping'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, 109, 2004.<br />
#Duncan, B. N., R. V. Martin, A. C. Staudt, R. Yevich, and J. A. Logan, ''Interannual and seasonal variability of biomass burning emissions constrained by satellite observations'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D2), 4100, doi:10.1029/2002JD002378, 2003.<br />
#Endresen, O, et al., ''A historical reconstruction of ships fuel consumption and emissions'', <u>J. Geophys. Res</u>, '''112''', D12301, 2007.<br />
#Enting, I. G. and Mansbridge, J. V.: Latitudinal distribution of sources and sinks of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: results of and inversion study, <u>Tellus B</u>, '''43''', 156–170, 1991.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE) Version 1.5 global Aviation Emissions Inventories for 2000-2004'', 2005.<br />
#Kim, B. Y., et al., ''System for assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE), Part 1: Model description and inventory results'', <u>Transportation Research</u>, Part D 12, 325–346, 2007.<br />
#Le Quere, C. et al., ''Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide'', <u>Nature Geoscience</u>, doi:10.1038/ngeo689, 2009.<br />
#Nassar, R., D. B. A. Jones, P. Suntharalingam, J. M. Chen, R. J. Andres, K. J. Wecht, R. M. Yantosca, S. S. Kualwik, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, T. Machida, H. Matsueda, ''Modeling global atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> with improved emission inventories and CO<span><sub>2</sub> production from the oxidation of other carbon species, Geoscientific Model Development Discussions'', 3, 3, 889-948, 2010.<br />
#Olsen, S. C., and J. T. Randerson, ''Differences between surface and column atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub> and implications for carbon cycle research'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D02301, doi:10.1029/2003JD003968, 2004.<br />
#Potter, C. S., J. T. Randerson, C. B. Field, P. A. Matson, P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, and S. A. Klooster, ''Terrestrial ecosystem production: A process model based on global satellite and surface data'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, 7, 811–841, 1993.<br />
#Sausen, R. and U. Schumann, ''Estimates of the Climate Response to Aircraft CO<span><sub>2</sub> and NO<span><sub>x</sub> Emissions Scenarios'', <u>Climate Change</u>, '''44''': 27-58, 2000.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., C. M. Spivakovsky, J. A. Logan, and M. B. McElroy, ''Estimating the distribution of terrestrial CO<span><sub>2</sub> sources and sinks from atmospheric measurements: Sensitivity to configuration of the observation network'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''108'''(D15), 4452, doi:10.1029/2002JD002207, 2003.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, J. A. Logan, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Xiao, M. J. Evans, D. G. Streets, S. L. Vay, and G. W. Sachse, ''Improved quantification of Chinese carbon fluxes using CO<span><sub>2</sub>/CO correlations in Asian outflow'', <u>J. Geophys. Res.</u>, '''109''', D18S18, doi:10.1029/2003JD004362, 2004.<br />
#Suntharalingam, P., J. T. Randerson, N. Krakauer, J. A. Logan, and D. J. Jacob, ''Influence of reduced carbon emissions and oxidation on the distribution of atmospheric CO<span><sub>2</sub>: Implications for inversion analyses'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''19''', GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002466, 2005.<br />
#Takahashi, T., R. A. Feely, R. Weiss, R. H. Wanninkhof, D. W. Chipman, S. C. Sutherland, T. T. Takahashi, ''Global air-sea flux of CO<span><sub>2</sub>: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO<span><sub>2</sub> difference'', <u>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.</u>, '''94''', 8292–8299, 1997.<br />
#Takahashi, T., et al., ''Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO<span><sub>2</sub>, and net sea–air CO<span><sub>2</sub> flux over the global oceans'', <u>Deep-Sea Res</u>. ''II'', doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009.<br />
#Wang, C., J.J. Corbett, J. Firestone, ''Modeling Energy Use and Emissions from North American Shipping: Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environment Model'', <u>Environ. Sci. Technol.</u>, '''41''', 3226-3232, 2008.<br />
#Wilkersen, J.T. et al., ''Analysis of emission data from global commercial Aviation: 2004 and 2006'', <u>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc.</u>, '''10''', 2945-2983, 2010.<br />
#Yevich, R., and J. A. Logan, ''An assessment of biofuel use and burning of agricultural waste in the developing world'', <u>Global Biogeochem. Cycles</u>, '''17'''(4), 1095, doi:10.1029/2002GB001952, 2003. [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/yevich2003.pdf PDF]<br />
<br />
== Known issues ==<br />
<br />
Although GEOS-Chem v8-03-02 will be released with the functionality to run with monthly fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions from CDIAC (R.J. Andres), the inventory files most likely will not be released until a later date, when the submitted paper Andres et al. (2010) is at a sufficient stage. Until then, annually-averaged fossil fuel CO<span><sub>2</sub> emissions must be selected in the input.geos file.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Bmy|Bob Y.]] 12:26, 29 March 2010 (EDT)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Ray|Ray Nassar]] 9:48, 25 June 2010 (EDT)</div>Ray